Paper quality

The electronic nose arrays have today successfully been used in a vast number of applications. The electronic noses are particularly appealing in food analysis since they resemble the traditional way of controlling the quality of foodstuffs. The electronic nose is already applied as a complement to sensory test panels in the food industry for product quality classification. Examples of applications are classification of grains [6] and beer [7]. Examples of other consumables tested are tobacco [8] and perfumes [9]. Applications in other areas such as environmental control and pulp and paper quality are also reported in over five hundred references currently found in the literature on electronic noses. 

The furnish of a paper machine varies widely, depending on the grade of paper being made. Newsprint usually consists of about 80 percent groundwood and 20 percent chemical fiber (sulfite or semibleached kraft). Bag papers and linerboard are usually 100 percent unbleached softwood kraft. Printing papers are made from bleached pulps and contain both hardwoods and softwoods. By selecting the proper pulps and refining conditions, a wide variety of paper qualities can be achieved. 

In addition to its study of the paper consumption and raw materials outlook, the TNT Committee considered other external factors that could alter future paper operations. Two significant predictions were (1) Competitive factors will limit any cost-saving adjustments in paper quality and could even force higher standards and (2) Barring a major technological breakthrough, the real cost of paper will increase (4). 

Kibblewhite RP, Corson SR, Graham KL (1987) Chemimechamcal and thermomechanical pulps of radiata pine corewood and slabwood Part 3 Factors determining paper quality Appita 40 121-131... 

Microalga-added paper was prepared according to the method stipulated by the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) P8209 [8]. Indexes of paper quality, including tensile strength, smoothness, air permeability and receptivity to printing ink were measured by the methods of JIS series P 8113, P 8119, P 8117 and J.TAPPI No.46, respectively [8]. 

The modem papermaking process is very sensitive to disturbances. The formation of deposits is one of the most important factors limiting the productivity on a paper machine today. Further, paper defects (such as breaks, holes and spots very often caused by deposits) represent one of the most common complaints of a user/buyer of paper. Still paper machine deposit control as a means to improve paper quality and productivity does not get appropriate attention. On the contrary, deposit control is often considered unnecessary in the ultimate papermaking process, which all papermakers strive to reach. Academic research, with few exceptions, ignores the subject. 

Virtually all microbiological reaction pathways change the redox potential, which can also be measured. Of those listed below, there is no method that is inherently superior to any other method better correlating to machine productivity and paper quality. 

To address machine performance and paper quality issues, alternative chanis-tries are continuously being evaluated and proven within the industry. Present technology inclndes prodncts with chemistries such as synthetic alcohols, hydro-phobic wax particulates, and synthetic esters. Chemical defoamer formulations containing emnlsifiable combinations of hydrocarbons, alcohols, fatty acids, and various surface active agents are effective foam suppressors and deaerators. 

One of the driving forces in papermaking is the customers demand for superior paper quality. Economically, quality improvement has to be achieved without cost increase. This clearly indicates that issues like filler increase, reduction of water and energy consumption, and performance improvement have become vital to aU of us. 

The effects of steam drying on paper quality need to be examined closely. However, as steam drying of pulp has been used successfully, it is not very likely that it will have adverse effects on sheet properties. Preliminary studies indicate that steam drying may actually enhance the strength properties of paper. 

Chem. Descrip. Combination of two biocides Uses Microbicide, bactericide, siimicide for puip/paper mfg. on wet end of paper machines and for additive preservation fungicide for water-and solv.-based coatings, stains, and ciear finishes Features Inc. prod, and paper quality effective in controlling sulfate-reducing bacteria and filamentous bacteria Regulatory FDA approved EPA registered SARA 313 nonreportable Properties Amber clear liq. sp.gr. 1.10 g/ml dens. 9.2 Ib/gal flash pt. 80 C pH 6-7 (100 ppm in water)... 

All volumes given below hold for a standard paper sheet of 8 x 12 cm [Table t) and have to be adjusted to more sheets, other paper qualities, or sizes. Solvents or solutions used in washing/incubatlon steps are agitated gently on a rocker plate and aspirated or decanted after the time indicated. 

Single dose oral powders are dispensed in powder paper or sachets. For the packaging of single dose powders, paper qualities of 40-120 g/m should be used. Powder paper must not be contaminated, should not shed fibers and there should be minimal variance in weight per area (= constant powder paper weight) within each batch. 

Flocculants are usually applied to accelerate separation processes, such as the drainage process during paper making, and to increase the retention of the finely dispersed material in the paper. Flocculation is one of the most important factors and influences both the machine runability and paper quality. Many chemical and physical factors influence flocculation in a complex way. 

---