Smoke screen

Titanium tetrachloride is used to iridize glass. This compound fumes strongly in air and has been used to produce smoke screens. 

Screening smoke Screening systems Screen printing... 

Vemebelung, /. atomizing smoke screen(ing). Vemebelungsapparat, m. atomizer Mil.)... 

Phosphorus pentoxide reacts with moisture in the air to form phosphoric acid. WP munitions were used by U.S. military forces and their allies to mark targets and to provide smoke screen coverage for troops and equipment in combat zones. These munitions were produced primarily by the dip-fill or wet-fill method illustrated by Figure 1. The method is called dip-fill because empty munition bodies are dipped below the molten phosphorus level in an open tank until the munitions are filled with liquid phosphorus. The method is also called wet-fill because a water overlay is maintained over the liquid phosphorus (in the fill tank) to prevent spontaneous combustion of the chemical element and because the filled munition will have a slight water overlay (up to 1/8" column height allowed). 

Now map the area by compass and give range estimates to supporting elements. If able to maneuver safely to an observation point, watch and report the details of aggressor activities. Finally, make necessary preparations to defend against an aggressor attack, which may be preceded by a smoke screen. 

Uses Dyes starting material for the preparation of alizarin, phenanthrene, carbazole, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, and insecticides in calico printing as component of smoke screens scintillation counter crystals organic semiconductor research wood preservative. 

Titanium (IV) tetrachloride (TiCy produces a dense white smoke-like vapor when exposed to moist air. It is used as smoke screens and for skywriting, as well in theatrical productions where fog or smoke is required for the scene. 

Silicon tetrachloride (SiCy, produced when both silicon and chlorine are combined at high temperatures, is used by the military to produce smoke screens. When released in air, it reacts with the moisture in the atmosphere to produce dense clouds of water vapor. 

Fuel oils are released to the atmosphere as vapor when used as smoke screens or fogs by the U.S. Army concentrations may range from 13 to 2,000 mg/ml Deposition of these particles to soil and water may result in fallout concentrations of 6-60 g/m (Army 1986). 

Liss-Suter D, Villaume JE, Goldstein FJ. 1978. A literature review - problem definition studies on selected toxic chemicals. Volume 8 Environmental aspects of diesel fuels and fog oils SGF no. 1 and SGF no. 2 and smoke screens generated from them. Philadelphia, PA Franklin Institute Research Laboratories. Final report. Contract no. DAMD 17-77-C-7020. ADAO56021. 

Uses/Sources. Manufacture of rat poisons for smoke screens gas analysis fireworks in ammunitions such as mortar, artillery shells, and grenades the elemental material is produced as a by-product in the production of phosphate fertilizer it does not occur in the elemental state in nature... 

Silicon tetrachloride was first prepared by Berzelius in 1823. It is used widely in preparing pure silicon and many organosihcon compounds such as silicone. It also is used to produce smoke screens in warfare. 

Titanium tetrachloride is used to prepare titanium dioxide and most other titanium compounds. It also is used in making iridescent glass arificial pearls and smoke screens. The compound is a polymerization catalyst. 

White P is mixed with hexamethylenetetramine to produce a smoke screen mixt which is also an incendiary. Al or Mg may be added to the mixt to raise flame temps or paper pulp, cellulose or high-melting hydrocarbons to produce longer burning times... 

The use of iron in smoke screens and in signaling compns is claimed by deMent. 

Double-Base Propellant. See Nitoroguriserin muenyaku under PROPELLANTS Emmaku. Smoke Screen... 

Chemical. Used for riot control, incendiary, smoke screening, smoke signalling incapacitating purposes Offensive. Used for their blast effect Practice 6 Training. Used for training personnel in use, care handling of service grenades... 

The screening smoke formulations based on HCE-ZnO have some drawbacks like poor screening property at low relative humidity (RH) as the metal halide smoke particles need atmospheric moisture to react and form a smoke screen. However, such smokes are well known for screening purposes and have been found to have IR characteristics also which make them useful in modern day warfare. 

---