Plant monitoring

Comparison of sodium boiling signal anyjlitudes with reactor background noise 

ABNO transducer guide tubes X 12 positiocis denoted  

Location of acoustic sources in the PFR core by a time-of-flight technique 

Loose part monitoring. The use of acoustic methods for identifying loose parts in complex structures also has a wide range of applications, but it is particularly important in liquid metal sterns where visual inspection is impossible. In an LM the componoits most at risk fi om damage by vibration are the steam generators and, to a lesser extent, the intermediate heat exchangers and the core. 

The operating conditions of steam genontors are complex because th are affected both by the coolant and water flow-rate, which are variable, and by the temperatures which are different in different states of plant operation, and may be affected by the formation of deposits or the presence of damaged tubes which have been plugged. For this reason it is deniable to monitor steam generators during operation to detect the onset of vibration and to estimate the severity of any impacts between tubes and structure so that wear-rates can be precUcted. 

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The cooperation and support of the ENEL S.p. A. Production Division, that made extensive in-plant monitoring possible, is also gratefully acknowledged. 

Most sulfonation plants monitor and control operations by computer. Sulfur-buming catalytic SO -generating equipment may require a 1—2 h stabilization period on startup. The unit can be kept in a standby position by maintaining heat to the unit when it is off-line. Liquid SO -based sulfonation plants do not require such a stabilization period and hence are more flexible to operate than sulfur-buming sulfonation plants. 

At the plant level, in-plant monitoring of unique compounds and the modeling of plant conditions to develop appropriate working practices and internal environmental quality standards may be needed. 

Corrosion potential measurement is increasing as a plant monitoring device. It has the very big advantage that the plant itself is monitored rather than any introduced material. Some examples of its uses are ... 

The ER system has been used successfully in a range of industries for process plant monitoring. As ER can be applied in any liquid or gaseous environment the areas of application are considerable. However, there is a problem with ER if a conductive corrosion product is produced as is the case with sour crude oil or gas due to the deposition of iron sulphide. 

Specific applications (apart from process plant monitoring) reported are ... 

Fermentation subcategory PSES in-plant monitoring PSNS in-plant monitoring 796 573 268 212 ... 

With Krupp Uhde know-how and technology, new plants and conversions, future-oriented technologies, after-sales service and plant monitoring are all offered with increased profits on products, reduced capital expenditure and increased turnover converging to an improved Rol. 

Analysis without destruction of the object (in plant monitoring) - the application of laser micro-analysis allows analytical information to be obtained without destruction of the whole object of investigation. For example, while monitoring of heavy metal uptake, translocation and accumulation in higher plants by analyzing tiny parts from the root and leaf system. 

For the final choice of material in the case of extreme operating conditions or corrosive or erosive media, plant components that are particularly at risk are constructed from the material in question and installed in the plant, monitored during operation of the test plant, and, when the test is finished, subjected to destructive testing. These are the most meaningful tests, since the conditions are closest to those of the industrial plant. Material samples that are to be tested for stress corrosion cracking are best installed in the miniplant under mechanical stress (material samples with welded seams). 

Pipeline planning and model building Controlling costs Controlling deadlines Commissioning plant Monitoring erection... 

Tonneijck AEG, Van Dijk CJ, Dueck TA (2002) Plant monitoring of air quality around waste incinerators. In Klumpp A, Fomin A, Klumpp G, Ansel W (eds) Bioindication and air quality in European cities—research, application, communication. Heimbach, Ostfildem, pp 67-75 Valavanidis A, Fiotakis K, Vlahogianni T, Bakeas EB, Triantafillaki S, Paraskevopoulou V, Dassenakis M (2006) Characterization of atmospheric particulates, particle-bound transition metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of urban air in the centre of Athens (Greece). Chemosphere 65 760-768... 

Does the change impact plant-monitoring activities (plant performance monitoring, analyzing potential equipment failures, process monitoring by panels, etc.)... 

Illustrating some of the effects of fine-grained raw feeds, mortar strengths of 44.8 MPa with a cement at approximately 400 m /kg were attained when 8.15% lime kiln dust was added to the raw feed, the burning process in the plant monitored closely with the microscope (Iany, 1986). 

Assessing promoter activity Membrane permeability Microbial invasion of plants Monitoring gene expression... 

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