Security Systems

Certain state highway authorities are studyiag the use of ftber-reiaforced polymers, typically thermosets such as epoxy or unsaturated polyester, for bridge constmction. On an even more futuristic scale, fiber optics that employ polymeric jacketing and, ia some cases, optically active polymeric cores, may someday be employed ia place of wines for home security systems, climate control, etc (10,91). 

Records or describes engineering controls and safeguards at specific facilities Detection, fire suppression, and security systems containment and drainage systems and utility shutoffs. 

The object of all security systems is to guard the company against loss. The principal risks that are faced include ... 

Furthermore, the cost of the security system must bear a relationship to the risk, particularly since an increase in the cost of a system does not necessarily cause an increase in the level of security. Cost effectiveness should be of prime consideration. 

In planning a security system its requirements should be ascertained as accurately as possible by consultation between appropriate interested parties, which may include one or more of the following ... 

In assessing how to apply the requirements of a security system the following items should be considered both individually and collectively ... 

All parts of the security system should interact with each other to form an integrated whole. 

The security system can be considered as layers of protection. Physical barriers and deterrents constitute not only the building stmcture itself, made up of walls, doors, windows, floor and a roof, but the yard around the building and probably a perimeter fence or wall. 

No alarm system, however well planned and installed, can be completely reliable or tamperproof. The successful operation of a security system requires the active cooperation of those involved in carrying out the necessary procedures carefully and thoroughly. The usefulness of the whole system can be jeopardized by lack of care or inadequate attention to routine procedures in maintenance and servicing. This care has to be extended to the security of keys and of information regarding the system, its installation and method of operation. 

Be on the current List of Approved Installers maintained by the National Approval Council of Security Systems (NACOSS) ... 

Identify potential applications for technology in transportation security with a focus on likely threats derived from threat analyses that drive security system requirements. Review security system developments structured to meet the changing threat environment. Assess government and commercial industry plans designed to address these threats. 

As an interesting application of fog-making technology, companies have designedfog security systems. These security systems generate a dense fog to reduce visibility to zero and trap would-be thieves in the fog until authorities arrive on the scene. 8 9 ... 

Development Concept Behind Fog Security Systems. Fog Security Systems Inc., http //www.fogsecurity.com/concept/index.html... 

An initial reading of the evolution of pharmaceutical consumption within the Spanish Social Security system enables us to conclude, albeit in isolation and tentatively, that in per capita terms drug consumption has grown more than the nominal GDP, but that it has maintained its position within public health expenditure as a whole. Therefore, in terms of evolution, rising consumption does not represent a differential feature within the general growth in health spending. 

The security of data is essential for GLP studies, whatever the format of the documentation. The security of computerized systems in a laboratory environment is generally taken care of by the organization s security system. There may be extra precautions necessary if the equipment is located remotely . Security of access is normally achieved by use of person-identification and a password which changes on a regular basis. 

Security and safety Intruder alarm Security systems Fire detection systems, with sensors for - temperature - toxic gases like CO, C02, exhaust gases, smoke, etc. - combustible gases like CH4, C2H6 flame detection, fire detectors, caravans with gas detectors, etc. 

Unfortunately, most of these applications are designed for their specific tasks only. There is currently no software architecture that integrates them into a network that would enable intelligent interaction between them. This is where the future lies. For example, a sensor could recognize the opening of a window and make the heating control of a radiator shut down. The same information about the window could also be built into a security system that would then check what caused the window to open. An alarm would be set off if the person who opened it is not recognized. 

Security in a smart building involves the use of high technology to maximize the performance of security systems and comfort while minimizing costs. This can include ... 

Regime precautions compose an aggregate of the rules for securing the safety of objects or installations. Electrical security system, access and departure into facility of employees and vehicles, fire alarm signalization etc. 

We will discuss the main features of the offered system. At the lower level the state of all potentially dangerous sites - both natural and technogenic will be controlled. The periodicity and the facilities for carrying out the control over these sites is the concern of special expert subsystems, established on the basis of technical documents (for technical sites) or of data from the Ministry for ecological protection (for natural objects). For example, the sites of the first category should be equipped with special checking for the reliability of the security systems located directly on the site and continuous supervision of the status. 

Security systems are available featuring magnetic badges, personnel identification numbers, passphrases, or even digital or retinal scanners that unlock those specific areas to which the individual employee has been granted access. Since these systems are computer controlled, the access authorization for any individual can be conveniently and quickly adjusted as circumstances warrant. Logging of traffic in the various areas can be accomplished automatically. It should be understood that computerized systems are susceptible to intrusion and may therefore lack the positive control of a well organized and monitored system of secure keys or combinations. 

Deterrence A countermeasures strategy that is intended to prevent or discourage the occurrence of a breach of security by means of fear or doubt. Physical security systems such as warning signs, lights, uniformed guards, cameras, and bars are examples of countermeasures that provide deterrence. 

Physical security Security systems and architectural features that are intended to improve protection. Examples include fencing, doors, gates, walls, turnstiles, locks, motion detectors, vehicle barriers, and hardened glass. 

Systems such as sprinkler protection and security systems that are provided primarily for building, product, or environmental protection, may also reduce risks (CCPS 1998a). 

Architecture. Many common practices negatively affect SCADA security. For example, while it is convenient to use SCADA capabilities for other purposes such as fire and security systems, these practices create single points of failure. Also, the connection of SCADA networks to other automation systems and business networks introduces multiple entry points for potential adversaries. 

Ideally, in a perfect world, all chemical facilities would be secured in a layered fashion (aka the barrier approach). Layered security systems are vital. Using the protection in-depth principle, requiring that an adversary defeat several protective barriers or security layers to accomplish its goal, chemical industry infrastructure can be made more secure. Protection in depth is a term commonly used by the military to describe security measures that reinforce one another, masking the defense mechanisms from the view of intruders, and allowing the defender time to respond to intrusion or attack. 

For example, as depicted in figure 9.1, an effective security layering approach requires that an adversary penetrate multiple, separate barriers to gain entry to a critical target at a chemical industry facility. As shown in figure 9.1, protection in depth (multiple layers of security) helps to ensure that the security system remains effective in the event of a failure or an intruder bypassing a single layer of security. 

An arming station, which is the main user interface with the security system, allows the user to arm (turn on), disarm (turn off), and communicate with the system. How a specific system is armed will depend on how it is used. For example, while IDSs can be armed for continuous operation (twenty-four hours/day), they are usually armed and disarmed according to the work schedule at a specific location so that personnel going about their daily activities do not set off the alarms. In contrast, fire protection systems are typically armed twenty-four hours/day. 

Biometric security systems use biometric technology combined with some type of locking mechanism to control access to specific assets. In order to access an asset controlled by a biometric security system, an individual s biometric trait must be matched with an existing profile stored in a database. If there is a match between the two, the locking mechanism (which could be a physical lock, such as at a doorway an electronic lock, such as at a computer terminal or some other type of lock) is disengaged, and the individual is given access to the asset. 

A biometric security system is typically comprised of the following components ... 

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