Flame detection

Sulphuric add test. To 0-5 g. of oxalic acid or of an oxalate, add I ml. of cone. H2SO4 and warm CO and COg are evolved (cf. formic acid). The CO burns with a blue flame. Detect the COg by passing the mixed gases evolved into lime-water. It is essential to test for the COj in a separate reaction, or (if the same test-tube is used) before testing for CO. 

Flame detection by ultraviolet radiation or infra-red radiation sensing. 

Leek and Bagander [221] determined reduced sulfide compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and dimeth-yldisulfide) in water by gas chromatography using flame detection. Detection limits ranged from 0.2 ng/1 for carbon disulfide to 0.6 ng/1 for methyl mercaptan. Hydrogen sulfide was determined at the 1 ng/1 level. 

Security and safety Intruder alarm Security systems Fire detection systems, with sensors for - temperature - toxic gases like CO, C02, exhaust gases, smoke, etc. - combustible gases like CH4, C2H6 flame detection, fire detectors, caravans with gas detectors, etc. 

Combustible gases such as CH4, C2H6 (gas detection via flame detection (Europe), fire detectors, caravans with gas detectors)... 

In principle, atomic fluorescence is a simpler and more versatile technique than atomic absorption, but suffers from a susceptibility to quenching effects and to background noise arising from the scattering of radiation by particles in the flame. The latter is particularly serious for refractory materials and in high-temperature flames. Detection limits for some elements are lower than by atomic absorption or flame emission measurements, e.g. elements with resonance lines around 200 nm or below, such as As, Se,... 

False Alarm Reduction In Industrial Flame Detection Roger A. Wendt, Armteck Industries, Manchester, New Hampshire... 

Each of the five types of detectors listed has advantages and limitations, making each more or less suitable for an application or a specific risk. There is not a uniform performance standard for flame detectors such as their is with smoke detectors. Flame detection for a particular model has to be analyzed by evaluation of its technical specification to expected fire development. 

Metal ion Band width Flame Detection limit Concentration range (i g/mL)... 

CCTV technology is used to analyze digital images and identify the characteristics of a fire. CCTV can provide both a control action and display the picture in a staffed control room. The latter has a particular benefit as it allows very rapid incident assessment and also reduces the need for personnel to enter the area to investigate the fire conditions. In general terms, the CCTV flame detection system is comprised of three basic components the camera/detection element, the control panel, and the display computers. 

This choice of solvent is not difficult when it is recognized that the subsequent dilution in water to provide the desired concentration level will reduce this solvent concentration to the order of 1000 ppm or less. When the analysis intended will use electron capture detection, then any number of solvents, including the light alcohols and acetone, will cause no difficulties but will provide for a ready dispersal of the standard compound in the water system. Where flame detection is to be used, there are some additional risks on choice of solvent since it will be detected. In this case, if the standard compound is relatively nonvolatile, the solvent, though detected, will be a part of the normally expected "solvent peak" and will not interfere. In other cases, where the standard compound is significantly more... 

Azinphos-methyl and its metabolites Leaves GC with flame ionisation and dual-flame detection [74]... 

Carbamate type Thiocarbamate type Apples Solid-phase extraction HPLC, UV detection and GC flame detection [81]... 

Phosphorus-nitrogen type Alkali metal thermionic Alkali metal flame detection, RbS04 and KBr at top of flame [406]... 

Principle of Flame Detection Rectification Infrared Visible Light Ultraviolet... 

In summary, the results in this paper demonstrate that laser fluorescence can be used to detect NO in atmospheric-pressure flames. Detection sensitivities in the ppm range were observed with laser pulse energies in the range of about 3 pJ. This sensitivity can be increased significantly by using a higher intensity laser. 

Alkali flame detection Rb2S04 pellet, 1-mm bore collector electrode 7-mm i.d., 2 mm above the pellet, at +240V. Flow rates in ml/min H2 38, N213, Air 250. Modified Barber-Colman 20. 

The flame ionization detector (FID) is the most widely used and generally applicable detector for gas chromatography. With a detector such as that shown in Figure 31-8, effluent from the column is directed into a small air/hydrogen flame. Most organic compounds produce ions and electrons when pyrolyzed at the temperature of an air/hydrogen flame. Detection involves monitoring the current produced by... 

F. "Flame Detection for the Steam Boiler Using Neural Networks and Image Information in the Ulsan Steam Power Generation Plant." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 53 (2006) 338-48. 

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