User interfaces

User interfaces to an SIS are operator interfaces and maintenance/engineering interfaces. 

The operator interface used to communicate information between the operator and the SIS may include 

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Video dispiays may be used to dispiay SiS status. A BPCS, or other computer-based controi system, through its normai operator dispiays, may inciude information reiated to the status of the SiS. For exampie, deviation aiarms may be dispiayed on the operator interface. However, as discussed in iSA-TR84.00.04-1, Annex B, it is recommended that safety-criticai aiarms, requiring that the operator take action to prevent a process hazard, be dispiayed on a separate interface from the BPCS HMi. 

SiS data dispiayed to the operator shouid be updated and refreshed at the rate required to communicate between the operator and the SiS during emergency conditions so safe response(s) can be attained. 

The user interface is irrrplemented using OpenLayers open-source tool with some modifications on the clierrt side and the PHP open-sorrrce tool on the server side. It consists of two main parts an interactive map and a search criteria errtry form. 

The function of the user interface is to present questions and information to the operator and to supply the operator s responses to the inference engine. Any values 

Besides providing final results or conclusions, both human experts and expert systems can explain how they arrived at their results. This capability is often important because the types of problems to which expert systems are applied require that a justification of the results be provided to the user. For example, an expert system that recommends some antibiotic treatment for a patient would need to explain to the physician how this recommendation was formulated. 

Several programming languages and tools are available for developing an expert system. The most important ones will be described here. 

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The AEBBL SW ains on the PC. The software uses a menu structure, easy to use by a non expert operator. AEBIL has been designed to operate in DOS environjnent in order to enhance its real-time operation capabilities. The user-interface has been developed so as to permit a window-driven operation. 

User Interface for computer supported wall thickness estimation... 

Fig.6 User interface for automated wall thickness estimation in tangential projection technique...

The user interface is realised by 2 windows on the monitor (beside the window with the image under evaluation) ... 

User Interface This was seen as particularly important, since it has a significant influence on the acceptance of the system by the ultimate user, the ultrasonic technician. 

The control of the airborne sound location system, the coupling monitor and the real-time evaluation of all signals, including the echo indications from the ultrasonic instrument, is carried out on two additional boards in the PC. The graphic user interface (under Windows 95), including online help, enables an easy operation of the system. The evaluation program links all echo indications in real time with the probe position and displays them in a graphic repre-... 

Finally, the system should be operated from an industrial PC, using a Microsoft Windows based graphic user interface. 

The Web-based graphical user interface permits a choice from numerous criteria and the performance of rapid searches. This service, based on the chemistry information toolkit CACTVS, provides complex Boolean searches. Flexible substructure searches have also been implemented. Users can conduct 3D pharmacophore queries in up to 25 conformations pre-calculated for each compound. Numerous output formats as well as 2D and 3D visuaHzation options are supplied. It is possible to export search results in various forms and with choices for data contents in the exported files, for structure sets ranging in size from a single compound to the entire database. Additional information and down-loadable files (in various formats) can be obtained from this service. 

The user either enters, or copies, a query object at search time, using the graphical user interface. 

Figure 9-22 shows the user interface of SONNIA presenting the analysis results ... 

Figure 9-22. The user interface of SONNIA presenting the analysis results. The left-hand side gives the Kohonen network, which can be investigated by clicking on each neuron oFinterest, The contents of the neuron, here the structures, are shown in an individual window illustrated on the right-hand side of the figure.

The classical architecture of an expert system comprises a knowledge base, an inference engine, and some kind of user interface. Most expert systems also include an explanation subsystem and a knowledge acquisition subsystem. This architecture is given in Figure 9-34 and described in more detail below. 

LJsttr Interface All expert systems have some kind of user interface which provides the user with a means of interacting with the system. 

And last not least, we will have to see further improvements in the graphical user interfaces of software systems and the retrieval systems of databases in order to make software and databases more acceptable to the chemical community at large. Software and databases should speak the language a chemist is used to, with hand-drawn chemical structures and reaction equations, or even imderstand the spoken word - and only provide the desired information selectively, not buried in a phe of unnecessary output. 

The requiiements for scientific software development have continually increased. Besides the algorithmic core functionality, nowadays there is often a demand for a graphical user interface. In addition to the increasing importance of this visible component, which may still be seen as just an add-on, the software development itself has to fulfill stronger demands on software engineering requirements, such as maintainability and recoverability. 

Note that this exercise refers to the standard MOPAC implementation, which does not have a graphical user interface (gui). 

There is no one best way to specify geometry. Usually, a Z-matrix is best for specifying symmetry constraints if properly constructed. Cartesian coordinate input is becoming more prevalent due to its ease of generation by graphical user interface programs. 

These are software packages that have the ability to perform computations using several computational techniques. Most also have an integrated graphic user interface. 

Jaguar comes with a graphic user interface, but it is not a molecule builder. The interface can be used to set the program options. The user must input the geometry by typing in Cartesian coordinates or a Z-matrix. The interface may... 

At the time of this review, a new graphic user interface was under development. Jaguar can also be purchased as part of the Titan program, which combines Jaguar with the Spartan graphic interface. An orbital viewer for Jaguar is available from Serena Software. 

AMPAC (we tested Version 6.51) is a semiempirical program. It comes with a graphic user interface (we tested Version 6.0). The documentation included with the package is well written. 

Our reviewer felt the molecule builder was easy to use. It is set up for organic molecules. Specialized building modes are available for peptides, nucleotides, and carbohydrates. It is also possible to impose constraints on the molecular geometry. Functions are accessed via a separate window with buttons labeled with abbreviated names. This layout is convenient to use, but not completely self-explanatory. The program is capable of good-quality rendering. At the time of this book s publication, a new three-dimensional graphic user interface called Maestro was under development. 

The availability of easily used graphic user interfaces makes computational chemistry a tool that can now be used readily and casually. Results may be... 

The front end is what you see and what you interact with. It provides a user interface to molecular modeling and provides the visualization of molecules and the results of computations. The front end can be thought of as the molecular modeling component of HyperChem. 

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