Larch, Larix

J. Grayston and C. D. Campbell, Functional biodiversity of microbial communities in the rhizospheres of hybrid larch (Larix eurolepis) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitch-ensi.s). Tree Physiol. 76 1031 (1996). 

Fig. 1. Distribution of iron in trees trunk on the background and the haloes of iron ore bodies (deposit Oktyabr skoe, Tat yaninskoe, and Zmeinaya gorka). A - larch (Larix dahurica Turcz.) B - pine (Pinus silvestris L.) C - birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) D - cedar (Cedrus sibirica (Rupr.) E - fir-tree (Picea obovata Ledeb) F - rowan-tree (Sorbus sibirica Hedl.). 1 - on the haloes (a - the most intensive, b - of middle intensive, c - the less intensive) 2 - on the background.

Gierth M, Stelzer R, Lehmann H. Endodermal Ca and Sr partitioning in needles of the European larch Larix decidua (L.) Mill.). J. Plant Physiol 1998 152 25-30. 

Sherrard, E. C., Ethyl alcohol from western larch—larix occidentalis, nuttal. Industrial Engineering Chemistry 1922, 14(10), 948-949. 

Several flavonoids were isolated from either the wood of the Japanese larch Larix leptolepis (Pinaceae) or from the wood of Prunus species.152 In total, 14 flavonoids were tested for antifeedant activity against C. formosanus. Although all flavonoids did exhibit antifeeding behavior, there were large variations. Three compounds,... 

The spectra of kraft lignin in KBr pellets and in alkaline solutions show striking differences, as clearly illustrated by the difference spectrum (Fig. 5.2.7). The absorbances at 1560, 1494, 1395, and 1305 cm-1 are more intense, whereas the intensities in the spectral ranges 1710-1603 and 1270-900cm-1, and the aromatic skeletal vibration at 1514cm-1, are lower in NaOH solution. Similar qualitative spectral differences are observed when larch (Larix decidua) MWL is measured in KBr and in aqueous alkaline solutions (Fig. 5.2.8) although the magnitude of the differences is smaller with the hardwood MWL. 

Fig. 5.2.8. Absorption spectrum of larch (Larix decidua) MWL in 2% NaOH solution (10%, w/w) and in a KBr pellet. The difference spectrum below is obtained by subtraction of the alkaline solution spectrum from the KBr spectrum...

Vertical and horizontal resin ducts are natural and constant features of four domestic genera pines Finns), spruces Picea), larches Larix), and Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga). Resin ducts also develop as a response to injury or trauma in other genera, as well as in the four listed above (2). Horizontal resin ducts are contained in special multiseriate rays, called fusiform rays because of their spindle shape in tangential view (Figure 14B). 

Abies sachalinensis Masters/Sakhalin fir Abies sibirica Ledeb./Siberian fir ImHx dahurica Turcz./Dahurian larch Larix sibirica Ledeb./Siberian larch Piceafennica Regel/Finnish Siberian spruce Picea jesoensis (S. et Z.) Carr./Jeddo spruce Picea obovata Led./Siberian spruce Picea schrenkiana Fish Meyer/Schrenk spruce Pinus koraiensis Sieb. Zuss/Korean pine Pinus sibirica Rupr./Siberian stone pine Pinus sylvestris L./Scotch pine Taxus baccata L./English yew... 

Although abundant in nature, and although several opportunities have been identified [64], heteropolysaccharides have largely escaped industrial exploitation. Exceptions are the conversion of pentoses into furfural (for temperature-resistant foundry resins) by acid hydrolysis the fermentation of pentoses into single cell protein Torula yeast) the catalytic reduction of xylose to xylitol, a dietary sweetener and the use of larch [Larix sp.)-specific arabinogalactan extracts as dispersants in printing inks. 

Cause Larch branch canker. This fungus produces sunken areas on the bark that are surrounded with drops of resin. Cut out and destroy affected parts as soon as detected once established, there is no control. European larch Larix decidua) is prone to serious infections Japanese larch L. kaempferi) is less susceptible to the disease. 

Figure 1.1. The transverse and tangential-longitudinal faces of the softwood European larch, Larix decidua. The wood comprises longitudinal tracheids forming the axial system of cells, and radial parenchyma mostly in uniseriate rays. Axial and ray canals are also present. Magnification X 125.

European larch Larix laricina 1 5.7 17 -35 water 16 linear 319 ... 

American larch Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch P. apterus Sth instar larvae Topical ++ 83... 

Additional information about seed dispersal is contained in the fossil record. Dispersal events can be inferred wherever there is evidence that populations were founded at large distances from the source population. It is, of course, technically difficult to detect a small population using fossil pollen or macrofossils, and even more difficult to demonstrate that the small population was isolated from the main population (Davis et al., 1991). Pollen studies in Sweden, however, record the establishment of individual colonies of beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the late Holocene (Bjorkman, 1996) and macrofossils demonstrate that populations of spruce (Picea abies) grew far in advance of the expanding species front for thousands of years (Kullman, 1996). East of James Bay, Canada, small colonies of larch (Larix laricina) have become established in patches during the past 1500 years as the population has expanded. Some of these colonies have fused into a continuous distribution. 

Yellow birch (Betula allerghaniensis Britton) 21 Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) 27... 

Constituents of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae include 8,5,18-labdanetrioI, (-)-labda-nolic acid and (+)-6-oxocativic acid. Numerous derivatives have been found in conifers such as pine (Pinus), fir (Abies), larch (Larix) and juniper (Juniperus). Selected examples are (+)-12,15-epoxy-8(17),12,14-labdatriene (pumiloxide) from Pinus pumila, (-l-)-12,14-labdadien-8-ol (abienol) from Pinus strobus and various Abies species, (+)-ll,13-labdadien-8-ol (neoabienol) from Abies sibirica, (-)-13(16),14-labdadien-8-ol (isoabienol), (+)-8(17)-labdene-15,18-dioic acid from the needles of Pinus silvestris (Pinaceae) and 14,15-dihydroxy-8(17),13(16)-labdadien-19-oic acid fxora Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae). 

The European larch (Larix europaea, Pinus larix, Larix decidua)... 

Kim, Y.W., Youn, Y., Noh, E.R., and Kim, J.C. (1999) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature zygotic embryos of Japanese larch Larix leptolepis). Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 55 95-101. 

Lelu, M.-A., Bastien, C., Klimaszewska, K., and Charest, P.J. (1994a) An improved method for somatic plantlet production in hybrid larch Larix x leptoeuropaea). Part 2. Control of germination and plantlet development. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 36 117-127. 

Zoglauer, K, Dembny, H., Behrendt, U., and Korlach, J. (1995) Developmental patterns and regulating factors in direct somatic embryogenesis of Europrean larch (Larix decidua Mill.). Med. Fac. Landbouww. Univ. Gent, 60 1627-1636. 

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