Salinity resistance

Yeo, A.R. (1983). Salinity resistance Physiologies and prices. Physiologia Planta-rum, 58, 214-22. 

Yeo, A.R. Flowers, T.J. (1986). Salinity resistance in rice Oryza sativa L.) and a pyramiding approach to breeding varieties for saline soils. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13, 161-73. 

Breeding Recurrent mass selection Adaptation to climate change Disease resistance Drought resistance Genetic diversity Salinity resistance Banilas et al. (2009) Carruba and Catalano (2009) Hejnak et al. (2009) Marais and Botes (2009) Martinez-Ballesta et al. (2009)... 

Li, Z.-Q., 2004a. Preliminary test results of KYPAM, a comb-shaped salinity-resistant polymer, in Shengli Field. Oilfield Chemistry 21 (2), 165-167. 

Luo, J.H., Cheng, G.Y, 1993. Synthesis of salinity-resistant and high-temperature-resistant RTS series of polymers and their properties. Oilfield Chemistry 10 (4), 331-335. 

Electrical conductivity (or its mathematical inverse, resistivity) of a soil solution is strongly correlated with total salt content. Therefore, laboratory methods involving solution or saturated paste conductivity are often used to assess soil salinity. Electrical conductivity measurements of bulk soil (designated as ECa for apparent electrical conductivity) were also first used to assess salinity. Resistivity and conductivity measurements are also useful for estimating other soil properties, as reviewed by and. Factors that influence ECa include soil salinity, clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay mineralogy, soil pore size and distribution, soil moisture content, and temperature. ° For saline soils, most of the variation in ECa can be related to salt concentration. In non-saline soils, conductivity variations are primarily a function of soil texture, moisture content, bulk density, and CEC. The theoretical basis for the relationship between ECa and soil physical properties has been described by a model where ECa was a function of soil water content (both the mobile and immobile fractions), the electrical conductivity of the soil water, soil bulk density, and the electrical conductivity of the soil solid phase.Later, this model was used to predict the expected correlation structure between ECa data and multiple soil properties. ... 

In the northern forest-steppe of Tyumen Region, where saline soils are foimd along with fertile ones, joint treatment of seeds of three cultivars of barley with low salinity resistance by salt solution and PABA (0.01% solution) led to growth of germs salinity resistance irrespective of NaCl... 

Marine borers inhabit saline or brackish waters where they cause serious destmction to untreated wood. The moUusks include the Teredo and Bankia borers among the cmstaceans, the Limnoria borers are the most widespread and destmctive. Preservatives or borer-resistant woods deter marine borers (see Coatmgs, marine). 

There are no films or protective surface films on active metals, e.g., mild steel in acid or saline solutions. Passive metals are protected by dense, less readily soluble surface films (see Section 2.3.1.2). These include, for example, high-alloy Cr steels and NiCr alloys as well as A1 and Ti in neutral solutions. Selective corrosion of alloys is largely a result of local concentration differences of alloying elements which are important for corrosion resistance e.g., Cr [4],... 

Short Normal Resistivity (after Anadriii). The short normal (SN) resistivity sub provides a real-time measurement of formation resistivity using a 16-in. electrode device suitable for formations drilled with water-base muds having a moderate salinity. A total gamma ray measurement is included with the resistivity measurement an annular bottomhole mud temperature sensor is optional. The short normal resistivity sub schematically shown in Figure 4-273 must be attached to the MWD telemetry tools and operates in the same conditions as the other sensors. 

As will have become apparent, nickel and corrosion-resistant nickel alloys have wide ranges of application, particularly in industries where strongly acidic, strongly alkaline or strongly saline environments are encountered. Table 4.29 lists some of the more important applications in those industries where these conditions most frequently arise, i.e. in the chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas, nuclear and conventional power generating, textile, paper, marine, desalination and food processing industries. The list is by no means exhaustive and there are many other applications of a similar nature in these and other industries. The table should, nevertheless, serve... 

The problem of the high resistance polarisation decreases with increasing water content and salinity, such as prevails during immersion in seawater, where these anodes are particularly useful. Since no problems of burial arise in that environment an endless variety of disused iron-ware has been utilised for anodes, e.g. pipes, piling, machinery, rails and even obsolete shipping which has not been economic to salvage. Consumption rates in excess of the theoretical value have been reported for steel in different waters . 

General rules for corrosion tests applicable to storage conditions Filiform corrosion test on steel Liquefied petroleum gases-corrosiveness to copper. Copper strip test Road vehicles-brake linings-resistance to water, saline solution, oil and brake fluid-test procedure... 

Deposits become less resistant to rinsing and resolublizing with age, and the interstices fill with salts to become bulkier and more dense. Thus, where hydrolyzable saline salts such as magnesium... 

A frequently observed response of plant cells exposed to saline stress is the accumulation of proline. Two cell lines of tobacco, one resistant and the other sensitive to growth inhibition by NaCl, accumulated proline when exposed to 1.5% w/v NaCl in the growth media (Dix Pearce, 1981). The NaCl sensitive line accumulated proline more rapidly than did the resistant line, though the levels accumulated were not adequate to provide osmotic protection against salt stress. The authors suggested that proline accumulation may have a protective role other than osmoregulation and may be symptomatic of stress injury, the nature of which was not discussed. 

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