Safety training Scheme

Before application lots of preparation work must be done. It includes establishing organization and work scheme, setting down observation Rota, organizing safety training class and compiling STOP courseware. 

The 4th Euratom FP consisted basically of two specific programmes, one on controlled thermonuclear fusion, the other on nuclear fission safety. The EURO 170.5 million for the indirect actions under the nuclear fission safety programme was spent mainly to finance research projects, but also on various accompanying measures and training schemes. Under... 

Course approval and accreditation-A peer review system of external scfety course providers and company training schemes by experts drawn from IChemE s process safety community... 

The safety case is regarded as an increasingly important audit tool and of greater potential value than off-the-shelf safety audit schemes. Local managers are expected to undertake regular safety audits and are externally audited every three years. Railtrack s safety case is audited by its own auditors and also by the Railway Inspectorate, who assess Railtrack s procedures for auditing the train operating companies compliance with their safety cases (HSE, 1997 13 ff.). 

When miners worked as apprentices, master miners could adjust their learning styles to the needs of their apprentices and the specific conditions. Young miners could learn a variety of methods by working closely with different miners. When British Coal introduced standardized training schemes, however, these new procedures could not take into account individual differences in knowledge and experience. One miner claimed that safety standards were created by safety managers who were totally separate from the safety culture at the mines. 

Anticipating the requirement for FSA services the established certifying organizations already offer FSA services. In the UK a new company has been formed to specialize in providing training for conformity assessment and has taken the name The CASS Scheme Ltd . The implications of this scheme are that competency guidelines and training schemes are in place for persons to be trained as Functional Safety Assessors. 

PFSS was introduced in Hong Kong in 1996. It primarily aims at accident reduction in competitive tendering system. It runs in line with Independent Safety Audit Scheme. It includes a fixed sum under site safety section in the Bills of Quantities. Safety items usually include safety officer appointment, site safety meeting, safety plan and safety training. These items will then be priced based on total payment to the contractor. It costs approximately 2 % of the estimated contract sum (Fong 2000). 

In the past, when there was no monetary reward pay for safety, contractors did not invest in safety. Only the prices of materials and labour were included in Bills of Quantities (also known as BQ, contractors in Hong Kong are paid according to the items listed in BQ, it usually includes materials, labour costs etc.). Unlike the other safety measures, the main contractors are paid for ffieir contributions to safety in a PFSS. Nowadays, BQ includes payment for safety measures in the public sector. Contractors need to spend money to implement safety plans, organise toolbox talks, and adopt other safety measures. They can pass these costs on to their clients. Administrative and time costs of the scheme are also incurred. Safety training and education costs included in the Bills of Quantity act as a driver for contractors to equip workers with adequate safety knowledge so as to reduce the frequency of accidents. Nevertheless, PFSS is not common in the private sector. 

The EU Directive on Road Infrastructure Safety Management, published in 2008, requires aU EU member states to carry out Road Safety Audits on projects on the Trans-European Road Network (TERN). This has led many European coimtries to devise appropriate procedures, to introduce training schemes for Road Safety Auditors and to carry out Road Safety Audits on their highway improvement schemes. 

At point A, despite full management commitment to safety performance, with low employee commitment to safety, the number of accidents remains high employees only follow procedures laid out because they feel they have to. At the other extreme, point B, when employee commitment is high, the number of accidents reduces dramatically employees feel responsible for their own safety as well as that of their colleagues. Employee commitment to safety is an attitude of mind rather than a taught discipline, and can be enhanced by training and (less effectively) incentive schemes. 

Similar standards of excellence should be the aim in health and safety since the attitudes and procedures are identical, namely clear specification, audit and report back, monitor to identify and correct deviations in materials, behaviour and systems, sample checks and training. Where QA schemes exist or are being implemented, not only should the quality of the product improve but so too should the standards of safety and health. 

Other schemes for the proactive assessment of safety performance include CHASE ° which concentrates on assessing the individual manager s awareness, attitudes and knowledge of health and safety matters on the premise that if the manager knows what is required he will ensure that it is either provided or achieved. In another scheme, ISRS", the survey is carried out by trained assessors who look at a number of operating facets to determine management and operator safety performance and attitudes. 

To ensure safety in flammable atmosphere locations, maintenance staff should be suitably trained and competent to carry out the necessary inspection, testing and repair work. This means, for example, that an electrician has to be trained and qualified in electrical technology and also the techniques peculiar to hazardous atmosphere apparatus and wiring installations. There are now industry schemes in place to provide electricians and technicians with the competencies they need for this type of work. 

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