Costs of education

The need for income is the primary reason people seek work. With retirement there is less need for income The cost of educating children has usually been met, the home mortgage has been paid off, and daily living expenses are less. When you compare your income and expenses in retirement, you may find that you no longer need to generate income. However, if your retirement is not adequately funded, working either full- or part-time may be necessary. 

The cost of educating health professionals and the public if the system is to be monitored effectively. 

In disciplines less impacted by salary compression, more experienced tenured faculty may be replaced by less costly junior tenure-track faculty. Another inequity in higher education involves replacing coveted tenure-track positions with adjunct or full-time lecturer positions. The end result maybe that universities save money—sometimes at the cost of educational quality. 

When a population at risk is predominantly children, depending on the country, each death represents 40-70 years of lost life and productivity, and each injury represents 40-70 years of potentially expensive medical care, such as for brain or spinal injuries. Fix schools and several generations of children are protected. Health economics and medical ethics agree that the greatest social benefit comes from investment in the health and capacities of children. Aside from saving lives, the cost of education interrupted, and the serious potential for drop out adds another cost factor that seismic safety could help avoid. 

Crosby, P. B. 1969 Cutting the Cost of Quality. Boston, MA Industrial Education Institute. 

Most of the HIV-related economic studies calculate direct costs. However, the socioeconomic costs of HI V/AIDS are far greater. For instance, patients as well as family members and friends who provide care incur costs that are not related to payments but to lost income (indirect cost). This cost category includes the loss of wages for a wage earner, the loss of labor for a non-wage earner (e.g., pensioner, household), the loss of harvest for a farmer, and other losses (e.g., loss of education and chances for children of AIDS patients). Some studies address this issue. 

In educational laboratories, the consumption of supplies per student should be quite predictable for any given course. The cost of equipment maintenance and replacement, however, is often underestimated. Unfortunately, in a college budget system, the reward for saving money one year may be a reduced budget the following year. 

Three types of design problems fit this situation. One is the design of a plant for a totally new product. The second is the design of a new process for a product that currently is being produced. The last is the preliminary design of a competitor s plant, to determine what his costs are. In each of these, little is known about the process, so that a large amount of educated guessing must occur. 

This situation of escalating costs from improved survival is not new our society has traditionally spent more for incremental (sometimes minor) improvements in care. From an economic perspective, the question becomes how much more and for how long. Every additional dollar spent on health care is another dollar from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that cannot be used for other purposes. This opportunity cost of technological improvement will be one of the primary economic and social issues that must be addressed. Pharmacogenomics-based drug therapies will likely provide a test case. Will these new and expensive therapies be rationed if so, on what basis Will our society continue to value improvements in health care above other goods and services such as education, the environment, and Social Security ... 

SARE, The sustainable agriculture research and education program. Website http //www.sare.org SAREP, University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (1997) What is sustainable agriculture Available at website http //www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/concept.htm Schultz JJ (1992) An examination of the environmental issues facing the phosphate fertilizer production sector - indicated cost of environmental compliance. In Schultz JJ (ed) Phosphate fertilizers and the environment... 

Industrial processes must be run at optimal conditions to be economic. This means more than simply manipulating the reaction conditions to maximize the extent of the reaction. Business people, and the professionals they hire to advise them, must consider other factors as well. These factors include the rate of the reaction, safety, the location of the plant, the cost to huild and operate the plant, the cost of acquiring reactant materials, the cost of transporting products, and the cost of hiring, educating, and maintaining plant workers. 

It sounded terrific. I had spent eight years scratching out the cost of my education with the help of scholarships, college loans, and part-time work as a sperm-donor, file clerk, common laborer, camp counselor, typist and night technician at a downtown blood bank. I worked straight through summers and almost every vacation break. 

Conservative estimates of direct and indirect costs of major depression in the United States resulting from the associated morbidity and mortality exceed 30 billion. Most of this cost is due to indirect expenses to society, such as decreased productivity and increased need for social services because of disability. In addition, there is the cost to family caregivers, the failure to advance in one s career or education, lost leisure time, and the pain and suffering endured by depressed patients and their families (54, 55). The societal cost of depressive disorders is estimated to be approximately 45 billion annually ( 56). 

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