Results of Field Trials

There has been a large number of field trials of transgenic crops that accumulate recombinant proteins, but the results of only a few have been reported so far. Of particular interest for the future are reports of detailed trial protocols that address confinement concerns multi-location, multi-year performance and stability data environmental impact and non-target impact studies and GLP production. The impact of production conditions on extraction efficiency and product quality are also significant issues that should be addressed through field-testing. 

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The results of field trials, based on total organic carbon (TOC) levels, show excellent recovery of the majority of organics present (21). Recovery data from a typical field RO concentration are shown in Table XIII. These results reflect high membrane rejections and recoveries found with higher molecular weight organics. Reductions in the total amount of adsorbed material in relation to the total sample... 

In order to establish a tolerance, the Agency must be able to predict the level of residue that will occur. The data used for this purpose includes data on metabolism, analytical methodology, and the results of field trials conducted to determine the actual level of residue anticipated (1). 

Further complications arise from the results of field trials on spray drift using water-in-oil emulsion sprays and other forms of viscous sprays containing pesticides. Some workers claim a significant suppression of spray drift (5, 21, 23, 24), while others claim no suppression at all (1, 2). 

The approaches outlined in this brief review are however of great application with respect to decontamination of lead and arsenic streams and the results of field trials [78] and related environmental issues [79] continue to be aired in the literature. It is anticipated that further thermodynamic data for some of the phases that can not at present be modelled satisfactorily will be forthcoming as a result of the importance of the problems that have been mentioned. These are of particular importance with respect to long-term environmental modelling and wiU have to be viewed in conjunction with related kinetic studies, areas which have received much less attention that equilibrium approaches [80]. 

CIASA (1989) Report on the results of field trials of epibrassinolide on agricultural plants. Technical report of the Central Institute of Agrochemical Service for Agriculture, Moscow... 

Gomk GE, Mikhailova T (1992) Results of field trials of Epin on potato and tobacco, technical report, Krasnodar... 

The results of field trials to test substantial equivalence are typically presented (e.g. Ridley et al, 2002) as summary statistical tables that give for each component... 

In what follows, the results of field trials and on-site tests by applying the multi-function textiles as presented in Section 13.2.1 as seismic reinforcement of masonry buildings are presented. Two case studies are described ... 

The use of colloidal silica has been investigated as well. Kozlowski et al. (1992) have used colloidal silica to form a protective coating on calcareous stones. Silica particles were deposed within the pores ofthe stone. The passage ofwater through the pores was impeded by the presence of the particles. The results of field trials have not yet been reported. 

The use of FTIR monitoring methods for HAP, VOC, PFC and HFC emissions for identification and quantification in process exhaust and in clean room air, is discussed. A summary is included of the various protocols, test methods and references for the use of FTIR spectroscopy to generate verifiable data. Results of field trials and laboratory study trials are presented, which demonstrate its value as a monitoring method in the semiconductor industry USA... 

Results of Field-Trials with Micro-TEIMAC System... 

It should be noted that it is extremely difficult to predict service lives of buried pipelines from the results of controlled trials with small specimens, whether in the laboratory or in the field. For example a study on the comparative corrosion resistances of ductile and grey iron pipes carried out jointly by European pipemakers in 1964-1973 indicated a mean pitting rate of 0 -35 mm/y for uncoated ductile iron pipe exposed in a typical heavy Essex clay of 500-900 ohm cm resistivity for 9 years. This is clearly at odds with the rate of 1 mm/y normally found on a corroded service pipe from such a soil. The discrepancy appears to be due to the use of specimens that were only a third of a pipe length each and were buried separately. It may reflect the contribution of the total surface area of the pipe as a cathode to the corrosion current at the anodic area at the pitting site. 

Plants used to produce PRPs should be amenable to confinement . Isolation distances were increased, and the cultivation of food and feed crops following a PRP crop was discouraged. New hazard and exposure data for human and livestock health assessment may also be required from PRP-containing traditional food or feed crops prior to the approval of field trials. Exposure risk concerns the potential for PRPs to be present in human food or animal feed, and where exposure can occur, what mechanisms are used to limit biological activity. Hazards included direct toxicity and allergenicity in humans or animals as well as hazards presented by the coproduct streams that result from processing. These latter requirements could place a major burden on proponents to prove their materials are safe prior to even confined field trials. 

There appears to be rather limited reporting of results from field trials of thermally modified wood. Welzbacher and Rapp (2004) have given preliminary data on an ongoing field trial of a number of heat-treatment processes with softwood and hardwoods up to 2.5 years duration. All workers in this area are of the opinion that heat-treated wood is suitable only for out-of-ground applications (Hazard Classes 1, 2 and 3). 

Shell Canada Limited has been investigating the use of sulfur as a means of producing mixes with low quality aggregates since 1963. This work produced a series of patents [5-13] and experimental field trials [ 14., 15]. The results of these trials and an extensive research and development program [16-18] led to the development of a number of specialty items two of which are ... 

The assignment of quadrupole pairs shown in Table 5 is the result of a trial-and-error approach to fit the high-field data with computer-simulated spectra. This approach establishes, unambiguously, the values for the isomer shift and magnitude of the quadrupole splitting shown for iron... 

Table 11.6 contains results from field trials of atrazine in combination with various ALS-inhibitor herbicides on six ALS-resistant biotypes. This pictorial representation of field data shows the efficacy level of atrazine, ALS-inhibitor herbicides, and atrazine in combination with the ALS herbicide. These trials clearly show the utility and need for atrazine in resistance-management strategies. 

Regional Codex Committees could play an important role in the coordination of field trials to be conducted for the purpose of setting MRLs. These countries could embark on studies pertaining to their respective countries interest and a coordinating effort be made on the pesticide-commodity combinations, timing of the trials, expected time for the results and the JMPR could be informed on the schedule of these for evaluation and elaboration. Technical assistance from the developed countries would be extremely beneficial in achieving the objective. 

Spanning the most recent technologies in the field, this source covers current methods, clinical applications, and new delivery systems to treat and prevent proliferative eye disease...examines the factors that trigger and perpetuate intraocular wound healing in diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy...reviews the results of clinical trials of new sustained delivery implants...and analyzes the potential of intraocular drug delivery for the treatment of posterior segment diseases. 

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