Building masonry

Radon (222Rn) Soil and some masonry building materials... 

Rigid structures have short periods of vibration and are more susceptible to seismic destruction than flexible structures. For this reason, it is recommended that a seismic coefficient related to the vibration period of the tower be used in designing tall towers for earthquake loads. A tall, flexible structure capable of absorbing seismic shifts should not be penalized with the same seismic coefficient used for rigid structures such as masonry buildings that are more susceptible to failure from earthquakes. 

Except Rn. Staying indoors at 8760 h/y masonry building in temperate climate. 

From the probable useful life and from due consideration of obsolescence and economic life, the salvage values of the various types of equipment are established. Depreciation rates on equipment and machinery as fixed by the U.S. Bureau of Internal Revenue for tax purposes are presented in Table 6-17. A company may establish its own depreciation rates, but these must be approved by the U.S. Bureau of Internal Revenue. For preliminary estimates a rate equal to 10 per cent per year may be used for equipment and 3 per cent per year for masonry buildings and 4 to 5 per cent for frame buildings. 

A. Kwiecieh, B. Zaj c Dynamic response of the cracked masonry building repaired with the Flexible Joint Method - an innovative earthquake protection. Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Structural Dynamics EURODYN 2008, Southampton, (2008). 

Degree 4 Winds from 320 to 410 km h . Destruction of masonry buildings without deep foundations, light... 

In a historical masonry building, the efficiency of AE technique to monitor cracking is reported (Carpinteri Lacidogna 2006). Comparing crack traces and AE activity, it is shown that AE measurement can be used to dynamically measure structures in service. 

Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G (2006) Damage monitoring of an historical masonry building by the acoustic emission technique. Materials and Stmctuies 39 161-167... 

Another method was developed by the technical teams from the (formerly known as) Ministry of Public Works and Settlement in order to assess the seismic safety of existing buildings in the province of DenizU (Kocaman et al. 2009). Within the context of this study, 4,151 masonry buildings were examined from the street and the obtained information was gathered in a database with the help of data collection forms. Then this information was used in order to rank the buildings in a relative manner according to their seismic vulnerabilities. 

Proposed Procedure for Masonry Buildings 2.3.1 Data Collection Form and Methodology... 

Fig. 2.5 (a) First page of the proposed data collection form for masonry buildings, (b) Second page of the proposed data collection form for masonry buildings... 

Table 2.7 Base scores for masonry buildings other than adobe...

Fig. 2.7 The illustrations for classification of masonry buildings according to vertical arrangements of openings, (a) regular, (b) fairly regular, (c) irregular...

The statistical comparisons in Fig. 2.9 reveal that there is a consistent trend but a low value in both cases. The dispersion in the results arises from the fact that each methodology uses different approaches with different parameters. The assumptions used are also different, so it is not possible to make a one-to-one comparison between different methodologies. Overall, the proposed procedure for masonry buildings is promising but it has to be calibrated further by using field data, which is not easy to find. 

Arya AS (2007) Rapid visual screening of masonry buildings. Technical report prepared under Gol - UNDP Disaster Risk Management Programme. National Disaster Management Division, New Delhi... 

Erberik MA (2008) Generation of fragility curves for Turkish masonry buildings considering in-plane failure modes. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 37 387-405... 

Erberik MA (2010) Seismic risk assessment of masonry buildings in Istanbul for effective risk mitigation. Earthq Spectra 26 967-982... 

Calio I, Marietta M, Panto B (2012) A new discrete element model for evaluation of the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings. Eng Struct 40 327—338 Degee H, Lascar L (201 la) Cyclic shear behaviour of clay masonry walls - Part 1 walls including acoustic devices or with a door opening. Research report, Departement Argenco, Univerisity of... 

Tomazevic M (1999) Earthquake-resistant design of masonry buildings. Imperial College Press, London... 

ABAQUS Theory Manual, version 6.12, Hibbitt Karlsson Sorensen, Inc 2012 Abrams D (2001) Performance-based engineering concepts for unreinforced masonry building structures. Prog Struct Eng Mater J 3 48-56... 

Fig. 9.4 Geometry and sensor location of the two-storey masonry building...

Tomazevic M, Gams M (2010) Seismic behaviour of confined autoclaved aerated cmcrete masonry buildings a shaking table study, Mauerwerk 14 Heft 3, 153-160 Tomazevic M, Bosiljkov V, Weiss P (2004) Structural behaviour factor for masrairy structures. 

Park S, Mosalam KM (2012) Parameters for shear strength prediction of exterior beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement. Eng Struct 36 198-209 Paulay T, Priestley MJN (1992) Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. Wiley, New York, pp 250-303... 

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