Resistance management

Brindley, WA USDA Planning insecticide resistance management for methyl parathion. 

Meinke, LJ USDA Western corn rootworm resistance to methyl parathion-development of resistance management strategies... 

Croft, B.A., S.C. Hoyt, and RH. Westigard. 1987. Spider mite management on pome fruits revisited organotin and acaracide resistance management. Jour. Econ. Entomol. 80 304-311. 

Sanchis V, Denis Bourguet D (2009) Bacillus thuringiensis applications in agriculture and insect resistance management. A review. In Lichtfouse E, Navarrete M, Debaeke P, Souchere V, Alberola C (eds) Sustainable agriculture. Springer, pp 243-255. DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8 16... 

The benefits of the triazines in multiple cropping systems range from their application flexibility, effective weed control, soil residual activity, and crop selectivity to their important role in resistance management and conservation tillage. The triazines also have made a major impact on agricultural sustainability and crop yields, as evidenced by the use of atrazine, especially in com. 

Excellent progress has been made in the understanding of the cause, nature, genetics, mechanism and solutions of herbicide-resistant weeds since the first triazine-resistant common groundsel was reported more than 35 years ago. Resistance management programs have been extremely successful in controlling most weeds that have developed resistance to the triazine herbicides. However, research is critical to better understand the rapid increase and spread of many new weed biotypes resistant to several classes of herbicides. 

Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Regulatory Directive (October 6, 1999). DIR 99-06. Voluntary Pesticide Resistance -Management Labeling Based on Target Site/Mode of Action. 

Retzinger, E.J. and C.A. Mallory-Smith (1997). Classification of herbicides by site of action for weed resistance management strategies. Weed Technol., 11 384-393. 

US Federal Register Notice (May 10, 2000 Vol. 65, No. 91, p. 30115-30117). Pesticides Draft Guidance for Pesticide Registrants on Voluntary Pesticide Resistance Management Labeling Based on Mode/Target Site of Action on the Pest. 

Table 11.6 contains results from field trials of atrazine in combination with various ALS-inhibitor herbicides on six ALS-resistant biotypes. This pictorial representation of field data shows the efficacy level of atrazine, ALS-inhibitor herbicides, and atrazine in combination with the ALS herbicide. These trials clearly show the utility and need for atrazine in resistance-management strategies. 

Nalewaja, J.D. (1999). Cultural practices for weed resistance management. Weed Technol., 13 643-656. 

Shaner, D.L. (1995). Studies on the mechanisms and genetics of resistance Their contribution to herbicide resistance management. Brighton Crop Prot. Conf.Weeds, 2 537-545. 

Current monitoring for insecticide resistance management of vectors and pests of public health importance is inadequate. 

Considering the limited number of pesticides developed in recent years and the need to extend the useful life of the available compounds, WHO, in collaboration with other relevant institutions, should strengthen pesticide resistance monitoring in vectors and pests of public health importance and promote effective and practical resistance management strategies. 

The basic concept of resistance management is that resistance gene frequency in a given pest population can be prevented from rising by not selecting so rigorously with insecticides. There may be a number of ways to achieve such an objective ... 

Clark, J.M., Lee, S.H., Kim, H.J., Yoon, K.S., and Zhang, A., Molecular approaches to insect resistance management, in Agrochemical resistance Extent, mechanism, and detection, Clark, J.M. and Yama-guchi, I., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 103. 

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