Field trial

In certain cases, more information may be obtained from field trials than by laboratory testing. Certain important criteria must always be observed before field trials are commenced  

The time span taken for a field trial to reach conclusion is important. If a part takes a considerable time to wear out, intermediate evaluations must be carried out to estimate the overall life. Improvements on short-life parts are easer to evaluate. 

In certain cases, field trials can provide information that testing cannot. The feel to a golfer of a polyurethane cover on a golf ball is very important to the acceptance of the new cover stock. 

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Soil. The first reported field trial of the use of hyperaccumulating plants to remove metals from a soil contaminated by sludge appHcations has been reported (103). The results were positive, but the rates of metal uptake suggest a time scale of decades for complete cleanup. Trials with higher biomass plants, such as B.juncea, are underway at several chromium and lead contaminated sites (88), but data are not yet available. 

Magnitude of the residue in meat/milk/poultry/eggs (feeding/dermal treatment) Crop field trials (for each crop use, in each geographic location)... 

A more recent addition to the Hst of shale protective water-base muds is a system developed around concentrated solutions of methyl glucoside [3149-68-6]. At concentration of 25% by weight and above, methyl glucoside appears to stabilize water-sensitive shales on pat with a typical oil- or synthetic-base mud (122). Eady field trials have been encouraging but much remains to be done before this material is considered a success (123). 

Newer fabrics, not in common use but in development, test, and field trials, are described for higher temperature applications by Reference [50]. Application to 400°F—2100°F are potentially available using ceramic fibers Nextel 312 , laminated membrane of expanded PTFE on a substrate, polyimid fiber P-84, Ryton polyphenylene sulfide, and woven fiberglass. The heat and acid resistance of these new materials... 

Fig. 10.17 Performance of commercially-cast anodes in field trials (free-running) over wide current density range in ambient Gulf of Mexico mud. Potentials negative volts versus Ag/AgCl. Zn 310-350 Ah/lb at 40 and 80mA/ft (after Schreiber and Murray )...

As the protective value of the zinc coating depends largely on the corrosion resistance of zinc, the life of a coating is governed almost entirely by its thickness and by the severity of the corrosive conditions to which it is exposed. Extensive tests and field trials which have been carried out have shown that the life of a zinc coating is roughly proportional to its thickness in any particular environment and is independent of the method of application. 

Paints have their own individual data sheets, prepared by the manufacturer as the result of extensive testing including laboratory tests, field trials and experience in use. These instructions should be followed closely in respect of type of application equipment, operating air pressure, tip size, pot life, curing time at various temperatures, recoating interval, etc. The inspector should have the data sheets available at all times and refer to them. 

Design Validation Testing of the device under intended use conditions, field trials, clinical trials... 

In-vitro diagnostic reagents for field trial studies should bear the statement For Investigational Use Only. The performance characteristics of this product have not been established. ... 

In field trials following multiple aerial applications of endosulfan for tsetse fly control in Africa over a 3-month period, residues of the compound in fish tissues decreased to low concentrations within 3 months after spraying. The fish tissue residues were still detectable after 12 months. Residue concentrations in fish-eating birds and crocodiles were similar to fish tissue residue levels endosulfan did not biomagnify in the food chain (HSDB 1999). 

The concept of fibrous polymer formulations was extended to the delivery of aquatic herbicides (56). Several herbicides including Diquat, Fluridone, and Endothal were spun into biodegradable poly-caprolactone. Monolithic fibers and a modified monolithic system were produced with levels of herbicide from 5 to 60% by weight. Laboratory and field trials showed efficacious delivery of the active agent. Fibers provided both targeted localized delivery and controlled release of the herbicide to the aquatic weed. 

Siciliano SD, JJ Germida, K Banks, CW Greer (2003) Changes in microbial community composition and function during a polyaromatic hydrocarbon phytoremediation field trial. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 ... 

Microbid-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) was first proposed in 1926 by A. Beckman [1780], Between 1943 and 1953, C. E. Zobell [1903,1904] laid the foundations of MEOR techniques. The results were largely dismissed in the United States because there was little interest in finding methods to enhance the recovery of oil at this time. However, in some European countries, the interest for MEOR increased and several field trials were conducted. The first MEOR water flood field project in the United States was initiated in 1986. The site selected was in the Mink Unit of Delaware-Childers Field in Nowata County, Oklahoma [268]. 

R. F. Grant, The distribution of water and nitrogen in the. soil-crop system a simulation study with validation from a winter wheat field trial. Fertil. Res. 27 199 (1991). 

In preparation for a registration submission, applicants should conduct a residue study on each edible crop through supervised field trials. Residue data should be prepared for each use pattern and formulation type to be labeled. 

The applicants must provide the analytical methods used for the determination of the residues in the supervised field trial(s). The following features of the analytical methods are required by MAFF ... 

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