Airway hyperreactivity

Daffonchio, L., Payne, A.N., Lees. I.W. and Whittle, B.J.R. (1989). Airway hyperreactivity follows anaphylactic microshock in anaesthetised guinea-pigs. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 161, 135-142. 

Gonzalo JA, Pan Y, Lloyd CM, et al. Mouse monocyte-derived chemokine is involved in airway hyperreactivity and lung inflammation. J Immunol 1999 163(1) 403 111. 

Thomas MS, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW. Regulation of cockroach antigen-induced allergic airway hyperreactivity by the CXCR3 ligand CXCL9. J Immunol 2004 173(l) 615-623. 

Schaller MA, Lundy SK, Huffnagle GB, Lukacs NW. CD8+ T cell contributions to allergen induced pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Eur J Immunol 2005 35(7) 2061-2070. 

Koth LL, Rodriguez MW, Bernstein XL, et al. Aspergillus antigen induces robust Th2 cytokine production, inflammation, airway hyperreactivity and fibrosis in the absence of MCP-1 or CCR2. Respir Res 2004 5(1) 12. 

Lukacs NW, Berlin A, Schols D, Skerlj RT, Bridger GJ. AMD3100, a CxCR4 antagonist, attenuates allergic lung inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Am J Pathol 2002 160(4) 1353-1360. 

Miller AL, Stricter RM, Gruber AD, Ho SB, Lukacs NW. CXCR2 regulates respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyperreactivity and mucus overproduction. J Immunol 2003 170(6) 3348-3356. 

Infection of the trachea and bronchi causes hyperemic and edematous mucous membranes and an increase in bronchial secretions. Destruction of respiratory epithelium can range from mild to extensive and may affect bronchial mucociliary function. In addition, the increase in bronchial secretions, which can become thick and tenacious, further impairs mucociliary activity. Recurrent acute respiratory infections may be associated with increased airway hyperreactivity and possibly the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung disease. 

Griffiths-Johnson, D.A. and Karol, M.H., Validation of a non-invasive technique to assess development of airway hyperreactivity in an animal model of immunologic pulmonary hypersensitivity, Toxicology, 65, 283, 1991. 

Klink, K.J. and Meade, B.J., Dermal exposure to 3-amino-5-mercapto-l,2,4-triazole (AMT) induces sensitization and airway hyperreactivity in BALB/c mice, Toxicol. Sci., 75, 89, 2003. 

Howell, M.D., Weissman, D.N., and Jean, M.B., Latex sensitization by dermal exposure can lead to airway hyperreactivity, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 128, 204, 2002. 

The importance of PAF in airway hypersensitivity has been confirmed by the protective effect exerted by BN 52021 and related ginkgolides [192] in (i) PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in both humans and animals (ii) various models of immune anaphylaxis and airway hyperreactivity in animals and, as we shall discuss later (iii) antigen-induced bronchial provocation tests in asthmatic patients. 

Hogg JC (1981) Bronchial mucosal permeability and its relationship to airways hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 67 421-425. 

Akbari O, Freeman GJ, Meyer EH, Greenfield EA, Chang TT, Sharpe AH, Berry G, DeKruyfFRH, Umetsu DT Antigen-specific regulatory T cells develop via the ICOS-ICOS-ligand pathway and inhibit allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity. Nat Med 2002 8 1024-1032. 

Nakae S, Ho LH, Yu M, et al Mast cell-derived TNF contributes to airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, and Th2 cytokine production in an asthma model in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 48-55. 

Hansen G, Mclntire JJ, Yeung VP, et al CD4+ T-helper cells engineered to produce latent TGF-(Jj reverse allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. J Clin Invest 2000 105 61-70. 

Glycolipid activation of invariant T cell receptor + NK T cells is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity independent of conventional CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006 103 2782-2787. 

Casaco A, Gonzalez R, Arruzazabala L, et al. 1985c. Kerosene aerosol induces guinea pig airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine. Respiration 47(3) 190-195. 

Exposure to and inhalation of concentrations of 2500-6500ppm, as might result from accidents with liquid anhydrous ammonia, cause severe corneal irritation, dyspnea, bron-chospasm, chest pain, and pulmonary edema that may be fatal. Upper airway obstruction due to laryngeal/pharyngeal edema and desquamation of mucous membranes may occur early in the course and require endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. " Case reports have documented chronic airway hyperreactivity and asthma, with associated obstructive pulmonary function changes after massive ammonia exposures. ... 

Fozard JR, Manley PW. Potassinm channel openers, agents for the treatment of airway hyperreactivity. In Hansel TT, Barnes PJ, editors. New dmgs for asthma, allergy and COPD. Prog Respir Res vol 31, Basel Karger 2001. p. 77-80. 

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) defined COPD as a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema the airflow obstruction is generally progressive, may be accompanied by airway hyperreactivity, and may be partially reversible. 

Cibulas W Jr., Brooks SM, Murlas CG, et al. 1988. Toluene diisocyanate-induced airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs depleted of granulocytes. J Appl Physiol 64(5) 1773-1778. 

The role of peptidergic neurons is not so clear. Capsaicin, the hot chile pepper chemical that evokes release of peptide transmitters from several types of sensory nerves, has been shown to reproduce some of the signs of bronchial hyperreactivity in animal and human experiments. These findings led to the proposal that sensitization of afferent nerve endings played a major role in chronic airway hyperreactivity. However, peptide transmitter antagonists have not been able to prevent bronchoconstriction in several models. Clearly, much remains to be learned about airway pharmacology. 

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