Spinach leaves

A chromatographic column filled in three sections with ground sugar, chalk, and alumina. When a petroleum extract of spinach leaves is run onto the top of the column, ihe extract spreads down the column, but not uniformly bands of green chlorophylls stop near the top. yellow xanthophyll further down, and red carotene near the bottom. 

Downton, W.J.S., Grant, J.R. Robinson, S.P. (1985). Photosynthetic and stomatal response of spinach leaves to salt stress. Plant Physiology, 77, 85-8. 

Teng, S.S. and Chen, B.H., Formation of pyrochlorophylls and their derivatives in spinach leaves during heating, Food Chem., 65, 367, 1999. 

The enzyme is available from yeast and spinach leaves in quantity. Yeast enzyme is commercially available. TKase gene of many organisms... 

De Kok LJ, Rennenberg H, Kuiper PJC. 1991. The internal resistance in spinach leaves to atmospheric hydrogen sulfide deposition is determined by metabolic processes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 29 463-470. 

Contamination of food crops by radiocerium in fallout from nuclear weapons tests has been extensively documented in the worldwide literature (Chhabra and Hukkoo, 1962 Merk, 1967 Michelson et al., 1962 Nezu et al., 1962 Sutton and Dwyer, 1964). The 144Ce concentrations in spinach leaves and radish roots in Japan in 1960 were within a factor of two of the respective "Sr concentrations (Nezu et al., 1962). 

The sera of mice fed with fresh spinach leaves infected with AlMV particles presenting a rabies virus epitope contained IgG and IgA. Mucosal IgA was also detected [48]. Human volunteers (in FDA approved trials) fed with spinach containing recombinant particles generated both IgG and IgA responses specific to the pathogen [49]. The trials also suggested that plant virus particle-based vaccines could be effectively used in prime-boost regimens. In more recent work, recombinant AlMV particles containing an epitope from the G protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced protective immunity in mice [33]. 

Jolivet P, Bergeron E, Meunier J-C. Evidence for sulphite oxidase activity in spinach leaves. Phytochemistry 1995 40 667-672. 

Experiment 36 Solid-Liquid Extraction Chlorophyll from Spinach Leaves... 

The purpose of this experiment is to test four organic solvents of varying polarity to determine which solvent is more effective in extracting chlorophyll from spinach leaves. The solvents are ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, and ethanol. 

Obtain four spinach leaves of equal size. Cut or break each into small pieces and place in separate 50-mL beakers. Place 20 mL of ethyl acetate in one beaker, 20 mL of dichloromethane in another, etc., labeling each beaker with the name of the solvent used. Stir each mixture thoroughly with a glass stirring rod (do not cross-contaminate) and then let stand at room temperature for 15 min. 

Using the individual solvents as blanks, acquire a visible absorption spectrum of each sample. Superimpose the four spectra, and determine which solvent is the most effective solvent for extracting chlorophyll from spinach leaves. 

Table IV, Changes in free sterol content of whole tissue and chloroplasts of bean and spinach leaves exposed to ozone (50 pphm for 1 hr)...

Ferreres, F. et al., Acylated flavonol glycosides from spinach leaves Spinacia oleraced). Phytochemistry, 45, 1701, 1997. 

An impediment to a wider use of transketolases, however, was the lack of the catalyst itself, which had to be tediously purified from sources such as baker s yeast or spinach leaves [4]. With the advent of recombinant DNA technologies. 

Kbpke-Secundo, E. Molnar, L Schnarrenberger, C. Isolation and characterization of the cytosolic and chloroplastic 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from spinach leaves. Plant Physiol., 93, 40-47 (1990)... 

Kochhar, S. Kochhar, V.K. Sane, P.V. Isolation, characterization and regulation of isoenzymes of aspartate kinase differentially sensitive to calmodulin from spinach leaves. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 880, 220-225 (1986)... 

Nomura, T. Yatsunami, K. Honda, A. Sugimoto, Y Fukui, T. Zang, J. Yamamoto, J. Ichikawa, A. The amino acid sequence of nucleoside diphosphate kinase I from spinach leaves, as deduced from the cDNA sequence. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 297, 42-45 (1992)... 

B 10. In your biochemistry research project, you have isolated a new protein from spinach leaves. You wish to do a Western blot experiment with the protein to help determine its chemical structure and/or biological function. An amino acid analysis of the protein showed a great abundance of phenylalanine, leucine, and valine. What would be your choice of membrane for the blotting experiments ... 

Chloroplasts will be isolated by careful extraction of spinach leaves, using tricine buffer containing sucrose. The crude extract contains both whole and fragmented chloroplasts, but both contain all the necessary photosyn-thetic components and are capable of photophosphorylation. The preparation described in this experiment retains almost all of the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. The total chlorophyll content of the chloroplasts will be determined by extracting the pigment with aqueous acetone and measuring the absorption at A. = 652 nm. The chlorophyll concentration is calculated according to Equation E9.3 (Arnon, 1949),... 

Chloroplasts will be isolated from spinach leaves and used to explore some intricacies of proton transport and photophosphorylation. The chloroplast preparation should be used as soon as possible (within 2 to 3 hours) since biological activity will decrease with time. The experimental apparatus for... 

Fresh spinach leaves, about 50 g. These should be washed well with cold water, placed in plastic bags, and kept cold for several hours before use. 

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