Chlamydia pneumoniae

L., Grimwood, J., Davis, R.W. and Stephens, R.S. (1999) Comparative genomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae dead C. trachomatis. Nature Genetics 21, 385-389. 

Generally very resistant to all antimicrobials check sensitivities to ceftazidime 6 ticarcillin[Pg.395]

Respiratory viruses are by far the most common infectious agents associated with acute bronchitis. The common cold viruses, rhinovirus and coronavirus, and lower respiratory tract pathogens, including influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, account for the majority of cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae also appears to be a frequent cause of acute bronchitis. Other bacterial causes include Chlamydia pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis. 

Differential Diagnosis Q fever usually presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness, or a primary atypical pneumonia, which must be differentiated from pneumonia caused by mycoplasm, Tegionnaires disease, psittacosis or Chlamydia pneumoniae. More rapidly progressive forms of pneumonia may look like bacterial pneumonia including tularemia or plague. 

Kalayoglu, M.V., and Byrne, G.I., 1998a, A Chlamydia pneumoniae component that induces macrophage foam ceU formation is chlamydial hpopolysaccharide, Infect. Immun. 66 5067-5072. 

The major precipitants of exacerbations of COPD are acute airways infections. The role of bacteria in precipitating exacerbations is controversial. Bacteria may have a primary role in the development of an exacerbation or represent a secondary superinfection of an initial viral process. The major bacterial organisms that have been associated with exacerbations are Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a part. In COPD patients with a FEVi < 35% predicted gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. play an important part in acute exacerbations. 

Miura, K. Inouye, S. Sakai, K. Takaoka, H. Kishi, F. Tabuchi, M. Tanaka, T. Matsumoto, H. Shirai, M. Nakazawa, T. Nakazawa, A. Cloning and characterization of adenylate kinase from Chlamydia pneumoniae. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 13490-13498 (2001)... 

Other Microorganisms Chlamydia pneumoniae Pneumonia Doxycycline Azithromycin clarithromycin erythromycin a fluoroquinolone... 

Vojdani, A., Campbell, A.W., Anyanwu, E., Kashanian, A., Bock, K., Vojdani, E. 2002. Antibodies to neuron-specific antigens in children with autism possible cross-reaction with encephalitogenic proteins from milk, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Streptococcus group A.. / Neuroimmunol. 129, 168-177. 

Kalayoglu, M.V., Byme, G.I., 1998b, Induction of macrophage foam cell formation by Chlamydia pneumoniae,/. Infect. Dis. 177 725-729. 

Due to its powerful specific activity against commonly isolated community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens [33,149-158], including penicillin-sensitive and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis and atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria [159-162], moxifloxacin was developed as a respiratory tract anti-infective [163-168]. 

So-called atypical bacteria such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the next most important group of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens, accounting for around one case in every eight in hospitalised patients. Atypical bacteria are not sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins and the treatment of choice is a macrolide such as erythromycin. 

F2. Fagerberg, B., Gnarpe, J. Gnarpe, H, Agewall, S., and Wikstrand, J. Chlamydia pneumoniae but not cytomegalovirus antibodies are associated with future risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. Stroke 30, 299-305 (1999). 

Yersinia and Camplyobacter, as well as chronic Lyme arthritis. Human studies are currently underway to investigate a possible link between coronary artery disease and infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. 

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