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Energy, resonance

To calculate the resonance energy of benzene based on its heat of hydrogenation, we first estimate the heat of hydrogenation without resonance. The heats of hydrogenation of alkenes are about 125 kJ mole . Without resonance, we would expect the heat of hydrogenation of benzene to be three times that of a double bond. The experimental value for the resonance stabilized molecule is much less. The heat of hydrogenation of a hypothetical 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene can be approximated using cyclohexene, 120 kJ mole , and 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 231 kJ mole as model compounds. [Pg.400]

We recall that conjugated dienes are resonance stabilized. This stabilization is reflected in the heat of hydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, which is shghdy less than twice the heat of hydrogenation of cydohexene. The added stability due to conjugation in 1,3-cydohexadiene is only 9 kJ mole .  [Pg.400]

Similarly, we can calculate the resonance energy of benzene based on the predicted heat of hydrogenation of the hypothetical 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene. Without any interaction between the three double bonds, we would predict a heat of hydrogenation equal to three times the heat of hydrogenation of cydohexene. Rather than 360 kJ mole, only 208 kJ mole is released. We conclude that benzene is more stable than 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene by 152 kJ mole .  [Pg.400]

Resonance theory tells us that molecules which cannot be adequately represented in terms of a single Lewis structure are likely to be unusually stable. What the simple theory does not tell us is the magnitude of the effect, the so-called resonance energy. This can be assessed via molecular modeling. [Pg.40]

Draw Lewis structures for allyl cation. Where is the positive charge Examine atomic charges as well as the electrostatic potential map for localized and delocalized forms of allyl cation. Which carbon (s) carries the charge in each  [Pg.40]

Repeat your analysis for localized and delocalized allyl radical and allyl anion. Focus on location of the spin density in the former and on the negative charge in the latter. [Pg.40]

Calculate the difference in energy between localized and delocalized forms for ally cation, radical and anion. Does it increase, decrease or remain approximately the same with increasing number of n electrons Rationalize your result. [Pg.40]

Repeat your analysis fox phenoxy radical. Instead of charge, focus on the spin density. Calculate the delocalization energy using phenoxy radical at phenol geometry. Is it of the same order of magnitude as that for phenoxy anion Explain. [Pg.40]


Mosshauer effect The resonance fluorescence by y-radiation of an atomic nucleus, returning from an excited state to the ground state. The resonance energy is characteristic of the chemical environment of the nucleus and Mossbauer spectroscopy may be used to yield information about this chemical environment. Used particularly in the study of Fe. Sn and Sb compounds. [Pg.266]

The term resonance has also been applied in valency. The general idea of resonance in this sense is that if the valency electrons in a molecule are capable of several alternative arrangements which differ by only a small amount in energy and have no geometrical differences, then the actual arrangement will be a hybrid of these various alternatives. See mesomerism. The stabilization of such a system over the non-resonating forms is the resonance energy. [Pg.344]

Time-dependent quantum mechanical calcnlations have also been perfomied to study the HCO resonance states [90,91]. The resonance energies, linewidths and quantum number assigmnents detemiined from these calcnlations are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. [Pg.1031]

Tobiason J D, Dunlap J R and Rohifing E A 1995 The unimolecular dissociation of HCO a spectroscopic study of resonance energies and widths J. Cham. Phys. 103 1448-69... [Pg.1042]

Juzeliunas G and Andrews D L 2000 Quantum electrodynamics of resonance energy transfer Adv. Chem. Rhys. 112 357-410... [Pg.1084]

Flere, the linear polarizability, a (oip 2), corresponds to the doorway stage of the 4WM process while to the window stage. We also see the (complex) Raman resonant energy denominator exposed. Of the tliree energy denominator factors required at third order, the remaining two appear, one each, m the two Imear polarizability tensor elements. [Pg.1191]

Hazi A U and Taylor H S 1970 Stabilization method of calculating resonance energies model problem Phys. Rev. A 1 1109... [Pg.2327]

Deniz A A, Dahan M, Grunwell J R, Ha T, Faulhaber A E, Chemla D S, Weiss S and Schultz P G 1999 Single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer on freely diffusing molecules observation of Forster distance dependence and subpopulations Proc. Natl Acad. Sc/. USA 96 3670-5... [Pg.2511]

With tlie development of femtosecond laser teclmology it has become possible to observe in resonance energy transfer some apparent manifestations of tire coupling between nuclear and electronic motions. For example in photosyntlietic preparations such as light-harvesting antennae and reaction centres [32, 46, 47 and 49] such observations are believed to result eitlier from oscillations between tire coupled excitonic levels of dimers (generally multimers), or tire nuclear motions of tire cliromophores. This is a subject tliat is still very much open to debate, and for extensive discussion we refer tire reader for example to [46, 47, 50, 51 and 55]. A simplified view of tire subject can nonetlieless be obtained from tire following semiclassical picture. [Pg.3027]

Juzeliunas G and Andrews D L 1999 Unified theory of radiative and radiationless energy transfer Resonance Energy Transfer ed D L Andrews and A A Demidov (New York Wiley) pp 65-107... [Pg.3030]

The term resonance energy has been used in several w ays in the literature, but it is generally used to mean the difference between an experimentally determined energy of some relatively complicated molecule and the experimental energy... [Pg.217]

Write an essay of approximately 2000 words on the history and the various definitions of the concept of resonance, resonance energy, and aromaticity. [Pg.219]

Using cyclohexene as the reference standard, calculate the resonance energies of cyclohexa-1,3-diene = —224 kJ moU ), cyclohexa-1,4-diene =... [Pg.219]

Secondly, the use of a value of the resonance integral yS derived from empirical resonance energies in other contexts is not justifiable. [Pg.133]

The precise value of the resonance energy of benzene depends as comparisons with 13 5 cyclohexatriene and (Z) 13 5 hexatriene illustrate on the compound chosen as the reference What is important is that the resonance energy of benzene is quite large SIX to ten times that of a conjugated triene It is this very large increment of resonance energy that places benzene and related compounds m a separate category that we call aromatic... [Pg.429]

Members of a class of arenes called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons possess subslanlial resonance energies because each is a colleclion of benzene rings fused logelher... [Pg.434]

The extent to which benzene is more stable than either of the Kekule structures is its resonance energy, which is estimated to be 125-150 kJ/mol (30-36 kcal/mol) from heats of hydrogenation data... [Pg.463]


See other pages where Energy, resonance is mentioned: [Pg.1194]    [Pg.2308]    [Pg.2659]    [Pg.3007]    [Pg.3024]    [Pg.3030]    [Pg.3032]    [Pg.3032]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.158]    [Pg.194]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.399]    [Pg.428]    [Pg.429]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.455]    [Pg.1217]    [Pg.1217]    [Pg.1292]   
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A resonance energy

Acetic resonance energy

Amides resonance energy

Anilines resonance energies

Application Resonance (Stabilization) Energies

Aromatic resonance energy

Aromaticity resonance energy

BRET, Bioluminescent resonance energy

Benzaldehyde, resonance energy

Benzene resonance stabilization energy

Benzene, bond energy terms resonance

Bioluminescence resonance energy

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer BRET)

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer methods

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer receptors

Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer

Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer BRET)

Bistable energy transmission through the interface with Fermi resonance interaction

Bond Resonance Energy (BRE)

Bond energies resonance effect

Bond resonance energies

Bond resonance energy , definition

Butadiene resonance energy

Carbon dioxide resonance energy

Carbon monoxide resonance energy

Carbonyl allyl resonance energy

Carboxyl groups resonance energy

Chemical bonding resonance stabilization energy

Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer

Chemokine receptor dimerization fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Chrysene resonance energy

Collision cross-sections resonant energy transfer

Crossing resonance energy

Cyclic polyenes resonance energy

Cyclobutadiene resonance energy

Delocalization energy resonance)

Dewar resonance energies

Dewar resonence energy

Dienes resonance energy

Diphenyl resonance energy

Electron spin resonance studies binding energies

Empirical Values of Resonance Energies

Energy Exchanges in Resonant Tunneling

Energy Pauling-Wheland resonance

Energy Transfer by Non-Resonant Processes

Energy resonance mechanism

Energy resonant

Energy resonant

Energy resonant tunneling

Energy transfer Forster type resonance

Energy transfer double resonance

Energy transfer electron spin resonance

Energy, activation resonance

Energy, resonant stabilization

Energy-level splitting, electron paramagnetic resonance

Enhanced acceptor fluorescence-resonance energy transfer

Ester resonance energy

Ethyl resonance energy

Europium, resonance energy transfer

Experimental Determination of Resonance Energies

Extra cyclic resonance energies

Fluorescein resonance energy transfer

Fluorescein resonance energy transfer system

Fluorescence resonance energy

Fluorescence resonance energy activation assay

Fluorescence resonance energy analysis

Fluorescence resonance energy applications

Fluorescence resonance energy biosensor

Fluorescence resonance energy donor/acceptor, dipole orientation

Fluorescence resonance energy sensors, designs

Fluorescence resonance energy spectral overlap

Fluorescence resonance energy thresholding

Fluorescence resonance energy time-resolved measurements

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET efficiency

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET experiments

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET principles

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer , caspase

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer FRET)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer FRET) assays

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer FRET) study

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptors

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer based

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer decay constant

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer determination

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer luminescence

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer peaks

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer quench

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer reporters

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer single molecules

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer time-resolved

Fluorescence resonant energy transfer

Fluorescence resonant energy transfer FRET)

Fluorescence resonant energy transfer proteins

Fluorescent imaging fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Fluorescent resonance energy transfer

Fluorescent resonance energy transfer FRET)

Fluorescent resonant energy transfer

Forster distance Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Forster energy transfer laser resonators

Forster resonance energy transfer

Forster resonance energy transfer FRET)

Forster resonance energy transfer FRET) imaging

Forster resonance energy transfer calculator

Forster resonance energy transfer donor

Forster resonance energy transfer efficiency measurement

Forster resonance energy transfer efficiency, measuring

Forster resonance energy transfer fluorophores

Forster resonance energy transfer imaging (

Forster resonance energy transfer measurement

Forster resonance energy transfer molecule, design

Forster resonance energy transfer pairs

Forster resonance energy transfer properties

Forster resonance energy transfer states

Forster resonance energy transfer studies

Forster resonant energy transfer

Forster-type resonant energy transfer

Foster resonance energy

Foster resonance energy transfer

Fulvene resonance energy

Furans resonance energy

Halobenzenes resonance energies

Hess-Schaad resonance energy

Heteroaromatic compounds resonance energy

Hiickel resonance energy

Huckel Resonance Energy

Indole resonance energy

Ionic resonance energy

Isoindole, resonance energy

Isoprene, resonance energy

Lanthanides resonance energy transfer

Lorentzian distribution resonant transition energies

Luminescence resonance energy

Luminescence resonance energy transfer

Luminescence resonance energy transfer LRET)

Luminescent probes resonance energy transfer

Magnetic resonance energy

Neutrons resonance energy

Nonbonded resonance stabilization energies

Nuclear energy double resonance method

Nuclear magnetic resonance energy absorption

Nuclear magnetic resonance energy levels

Nuclear magnetic resonance energy metabolism

Nuclear magnetic resonance energy separation

Nuclear magnetic resonance energy separation/splitting

Nuclear magnetic resonance energy-level diagram

Nuclear magnetic resonance radiofrequency energy and

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy energy difference between spin states

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy energy levels

Nuclear resonance energy

Nucleic acids, resonance energy

Oxepin, resonance energy

Pentadienyl radical, resonance energy

Perylene, resonance energy

Phenanthrenes resonance energy

Phenol resonance energy

Photoluminescence resonance energy

Photosynthesis resonance energy transfer

Photosynthesis resonant transfer of energy

Potential energy resonances

Predissociation resonance energy

Probes resonance energy transfer

Protein Forster resonance energy transfer

Pyrazine resonance energy

Pyridine resonance energy

Pyrimidine resonance energy

Pyrrole empirical resonance energy

Pyrrole, resonance energy

Pyrroles resonance energy

Quantum mechanical resonance energy QMRE)

Quantum-mechanical resonance energy

Quenching mechanism fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Quinoline resonance energy

Rate constant resonance energy transfer

Reactions, 287 resonance energy

Recoil Energy, Resonance, and Doppler Effect

Resonance Energies of Delocalized

Resonance Energy and Absolute Hardness

Resonance complex energy

Resonance condition energy splitting

Resonance effect energy

Resonance energies calculation

Resonance energies constants

Resonance energies direct variational methods

Resonance energies empirical

Resonance energies free bases

Resonance energies from thermochemistry

Resonance energies threshold

Resonance energy 13 5 hexatriene

Resonance energy 18]annulene

Resonance energy Hiickel method

Resonance energy alkyl free radicals

Resonance energy allyl radical

Resonance energy and aromaticity

Resonance energy annulenes

Resonance energy anthracene

Resonance energy anthracene and phenanthrene

Resonance energy aromaticity estimation

Resonance energy aromaticity, relationship

Resonance energy as tunneling matrix element

Resonance energy benzene

Resonance energy benzyl radical

Resonance energy compounds

Resonance energy conjugated dienes

Resonance energy cyclooctatetraene

Resonance energy estimation

Resonance energy exchange

Resonance energy functions

Resonance energy heterocycles

Resonance energy in aromatics

Resonance energy in benzene

Resonance energy loss

Resonance energy naphthalene

Resonance energy negative values

Resonance energy of benzene

Resonance energy of fused ring compounds

Resonance energy operator

Resonance energy per electron

Resonance energy phenanthrene

Resonance energy thiophene

Resonance energy transfer

Resonance energy transfer Coulomb interaction

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Resonance energy transfer accuracy

Resonance energy transfer and its applications

Resonance energy transfer applications

Resonance energy transfer controls

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Resonance energy transfer distance dependence

Resonance energy transfer distance measurement

Resonance energy transfer donor lifetimes

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Resonance energy transfer hybridization

Resonance energy transfer labeled oligonucleotides

Resonance energy transfer limitations

Resonance energy transfer measurement techniques

Resonance energy transfer orientation factor

Resonance energy transfer polarization measurements

Resonance energy transfer principles

Resonance energy transfer reaction kinetics

Resonance energy transfer single-molecule

Resonance energy transfer single-photon fluorescence

Resonance energy transfer structure

Resonance energy transfer theory

Resonance energy transfer time-resolved detection

Resonance energy transition states

Resonance energy values, table

Resonance energy, definition

Resonance energy, of aromatic hydrocarbons

Resonance enhancement energy level diagrams

Resonance function energy transfer

Resonance interaction energy

Resonance stabilization energies allyl

Resonance stabilization energies benzyl

Resonance stabilization energy

Resonance-excitation energy transfer

Resonant energy transfer

Resonant energy transfer process

Resonant orbital energy

Resonant-state energy, series-convergent

Rotational energy transfer resonances

SRT resonance energy

Sensing Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)

Shape resonance mechanism, energy

Silabenzene resonance energy

Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy

Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements

Single pair fluorescence resonance energy

Single pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Spectroscopy resonance energy transfer

State space resonance energy operator

Stilbene resonance energy

Structure and Resonance Energy of Benzene A First Look at Aromaticity

Structure-resonance energy

Structure-resonance energy relationships

Styrene, resonance energy

Terbium resonance energy transfer

The resonance energy of benzene

Theoretical resonance energy

Thermochemical resonance energy

Thianthrene resonance energies

Thiepin, resonance energy

Thiophenes resonance energy

Time-Resolved Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET)

Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy

Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay

Toluene resonance energy

Topological Resonance Energies of

Topological resonance energy

Topological resonance energy aromatic stabilization

Topological resonance energy aromaticity

Trends in Transition State Resonance Energies

Valence Bond Calculations of Diabatic States and Resonance Energies

Valence bond theory resonance energy

Vertical resonance energy

Vinylcyclopropane resonance energy

Wave, resonant energy

Zero-Energy Feshbach Resonances

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