Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy

Maurel, D., Kniazeff, J., Mathis, G., Trinquet, E., Pin, J. P. and Ansanay, FI. (2004). Cell surface detection of membrane protein interaction with homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. Anal. Biochem. 329, 253-62. 

Newman, M. and Josiah, S., Utilization of fluorescence polarization and time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay formats for SAR studies SRC kinase as a model system, /. Biomol. Screen., 9, 525, 2004. 

Klostermeier, D. and D. P. Millar. Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer A versatile tool for the analysis of nucleic acids. Biopolymers 61, 159-179 (2002). 

Schroter, T. et al. 2008. Comparison of miniaturized time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and enzyme-coupled luciferase high-throughput screening assays to discover inhibitors of Rho-kinase II (ROCK-II). J. Biomol. Screen. 13, 17-28. 

FIGURE 4.1 Assays commonly used in GPCR research. SPA = scintillation proximity assay FP = fluorescence polarization TR-FRET = time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer FCS = fluorescence correlation spectroscopy SeAP = secreted alkaline phosphate TF = transcription factor EFC = enzyme fragment complementation DMR = dynamic mass redistribution CDS = cellular dielectric spectroscopy. 

Zhou, V. et al. 2004. A time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based HTS assay and a surface plasmon resonance-based binding assay for heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Anal. Biochem. 331, 349-357. 

McVey M, Ramsay D, Kellett E, Rees S, Wilson S, et al. 2001. Monitoring receptor oligomerization using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. The human delta-opioid receptor displays constitutive oligomerization at the cell... 

Fluorescence-based detection methods are the most commonly used readouts for HTS as these readouts are sensitive, usually homogeneous and can be readily miniaturised, even down to the single molecule level.7,8 Fluorescent signals can be detected by methods such as fluorescence intensity (FI), fluorescence polarisation (FP) or anisotropy (FA), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and fluorescence intensity life time (FLIM). Confocal single molecule techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and one- or two-dimensional fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (ID FID A, 2D FIDA) have been reported but are not commonly used. 

Another example of improved sensitivity due to modulation of lanthanide photophysics by ancillary ligands can be found in the europium and terbiiun chelates used in time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) immunoassays (100,101). Due to their line-type emissions and long decay times, the lanthanide chelate is used as a donor, with some visible-absorbing dye such as Alexa 647 or a rhodamine derivative as the acceptor. Without the helper ligand, the lanthanides would be unprotected from solvent and have much shorter decay times, making them unsuitable for such an assay. 

Laitala V, Hemmila L. Homogeneous assay based on low quan- 83. turn yield Sm(lll)-donor and anti-Stokes shift time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy-transfer measurement. Analyt. Chim. 

Klostermeier, D., Millar, D. P, Time resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer a Versatile Tool for the Analysis of Nucleic Acids, Biopolymers (Nucleic Acid Sci.) 2002, 61, 159 179. 

Ozers, M.S., Marks, B.D., Gowda, K., Kupcho, K.R., Ervin, K.M., De Rosier, T., Qadir, N., Eliason, H.C., Riddle, S.M. and Shekhani, M.S. (2007) The androgen receptor T877A mutant recruits LXXLL and FXXLF peptides differently than wild-type androgen receptor in a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. Biochemistry, 46, 683-695. 

Milos, L. Oslick, S. Weiss, M. A. Evidence that the DNA A-tract is bent and rigid in solution obtained by time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 1997 14 911. 

Bazin, H. Preaudat. E. Trinquet, E. Mathis. G. Homogeneous time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer using rare earth cryptates as a tool for probing molecular interactions in biology. Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 2001. 57. 2197-2211. 

TR-FRET Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer... 

Leifert, W. Bailey, K. Cooper, T Aloia, A. Glatz, R. McMurchie, E. measurement of heteromeric G-protein and regulators of G-protein signaling interactions by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal. Biochem. 2006, 355, 201—212. 

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