Reporter systems

Exposure to tantalum metal dust may cause eye injury and mucous-membrane irritation. The threshold limit value (TLV) in air is 5 mg/m, LD q is <400 mg/kg and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) time weighted average (TWA) exposure limit is 5 mg/m (47). The immediate dangerous to life or health (IDLH) concentration is 2500 mg/m (48). Whereas some skin injuries from tantalum have been reported, systemic industrial poisoning is apparently unknown (47). 

Drogaris, G. 1993. Major Accident Reporting System Lessons Learned from Accidents Notified. Elesevier Science Publishers,B.V., Amsterdam. 

Computerized Toxic Chemical Release Reporting System... 

Hazardous waste data management and reporting system Prepares hazardous waste manifests. Requires 10 Meg hard disk and 132 column printer. 

Data handling and reporting system for wastewater treatment facilities. Assists with daily calculation of data and generation of reports. 

In addition to incident reporting systems, root cause analysis techniques can be used to evaluate the causes of serious incidents where resources are usually available for in-depth investigations. A practical example of root cause investigation methods is provided in Chapter 7. 

Incident reporting systems, designed to identify underlying and direct causes for larger numbers of incidents with relatively minor causes... 

Many data collection systems place the primary emphasis on the technical causes of accidents. There is usually a very detailed description of the chemical process in which the accident occurred, together with an in-depth analysis of the technical failures that are seen as the major causes. The human or system failures that may have contributed to the accident are usually treated in a cursory manner. Technically oriented reporting systems are very common in the CPI, where engineers who may be unfamiliar with human factors princi-... 

The main function of an incident reporting system (IRS) is to identify recurring trends from large numbers of incidents with relatively minor outcomes, or from near misses. One of the important characteristics of an IRS is that the time and resources required to evaluate an incident and incorporate it into the database must be minimized. This means that the designers of an IRS have to carefully evaluate the benefits and costs of requiring more comprehensive information from each incident that is to be reported. A requirement for too much information will bring the system into disrepute, and too little information will mean that the results are too general to be of any real value. 

In the first of the following subsections, the data coDection approaches adopted in most CPI incident reporting systems will be described. The fact that these systems provide little support for systematically gathering data on underlying causes will provide an introduction to the later sections which emphasize causal analysis techniques. 

The amoimt of time available for the recording of data in incident reporting systems is limited, and hence the information collected is usually confined to short descriptions of the event, its actual and potential consequences and... 

Workforce Support for Data Collection and Incident Analysis Systems Few of the incident investigation and data collection systems reviewed provide any guidelines with regard to how these systems are to be introduced into an organization. Section 6.10 addresses this issue primarily from the perspective of incident reporting systems. However, gaining the support and ownership of the workforce is equally important for root cause analysis systems. Unless the culture and climate in a plant is such that personnel can be frank about the errors that may have contributed to an incident, and the factors which influenced these errors, then it is unlikely that the investigation will be very effective. 

These reports were in addition to the internal reporting for OSHA PSM and various local or state requirements. While Quality Chemical had long ago consolidated a number of these programs, there were still four different accident/incident reporting systems—one for external reporting of releases, one for external reporting of injuries and other nonrelease events, one for a corporate-wide database and one for each site itself. 

Failure and Inventory Reporting System Offshore Oil and Natural Gas 8,000 failure events and causes Inventory data on ASME coded devices Safety and pollution prevention devices on offshore structures, eg. subsurface safety valves 72. 

The Abnormal Occurrences Reporting System contains unusual plant events and human factors associated with normal operation from the U.S., Sweden, and all relevant ECC countries except Germany (discussions are in progress there). 

The Failure and Inventory Reporting System (FIRS) program was developed by the Geological Survey Division of the U.S. Department of the Interior for safety and pollution prevention devices on offshore structures that produce or process hydrocarbons. The program collected data on mechanical and some electromechanical systems on offshore oil platforms. About 8,000 failure events were documented. Access has been limited to internal materials management system use. No real-time access or periodic output products have been available. 

Once it is determined that data exist, the next step is to begin the collection process. If sufficient thought and training is provided in the development and operation of the maintenance and operating reporting systems, much of the collection process can be automated. Automation assumes that a well-thought-out taxonomy is in place. If this is not the case, then an analyst must collect and review the records manually. In either case, the analyst must collect data from the plant sources previously discussed in order to determine the numerator (number of failures within a unique plant equipment population), and denominator (the operating time or number of demands for the equipment) of the equation to calculate failure rates. 

It is important, especially when consistency has not been designed or built into the maintenance reporting system, to review the data reported to minimize misinterpretation. Clearly defined equipment boundaries for plant hardware are essential for the generation of relevant data. For example, one classification method may define pumps as only the mechanical portions of the pump, whereas another may include the driver (e.g., the motor) and associated controls. Interviews with operating and maintenance personnel as well as review of the maintenance procedures and documents can provide insight into the... 

American National Standard Nuclear Plant Reliability Data Collection and Reporting System. 

Nine-membered ring systems are potentially accessible via a TMM cycloaddition with conjugated trienes in a [6-1-3] fashion. However, tropone is the only reported system that undergoes such a reaction. Interestingly, these cydoadditions are remarkably selective in that only nine-memhered ring products are formed. 

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