Plant and equipment

Most companies can maintain a given level of business only by continuous reinvestment in plant and equipment. If company growth is... 

A blast incident overpressure of 35 kN/m" (5 psi) is often used to define the region beyond which the damage caused will be minor and not lead to significant involvement of plant and equipment beyond the 35 kN/m" boundary. 

Symposium on Earthquake Effects on Plant and Equipment (Vols I and II), Organized by BHEL energy system group Hyderabad, India, and Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee, India (1984). 

Figure 12-1. Reliability—design of plant and equipment. (Courtesy of Sohre Turbomachiner/i...

Plant and equipment generally portable tools flexible hoses lifting equipment pressure systems... 

In the construction of new plants and equipment, the employer is responsible that the equipment is suitable for the process application. Checks and inspections are performed to assure that equipment is installed properly, and consistent with design specifications and the manufacturer s instructions. Maintenance materials, instructions, spare parts and equipment will he available... 

Qualify all new process plant and equipment prior to use in production. 

Although the types of plant and equipment using flame arresters vary widely, they often have some common features. Frequently the system is... 

This typically considers injuries to personnel and damage to plant and equipment. In a few more highly developed systems, information on potential consequences is also collected. Normally the severity of the incident consequences (or in some cases its potential consequences) will determine the resources that are put into its investigation. 

A random variable is a real-valued function defined over tlie sample space S of a random experiment (Note tliat tliis application of probability tlieorem to plant and equipment failures, i.e., accidents, requires tliat tlie failure occurs randomly. 

Industry restructuring advocates believe that a competitive market will create incentives to operate more efficiently and make better economic investments in utility plant and equipment. In contrast to a competitive market, cost-based ratemakmg does not generally reward utilities with a higher return for making an especially good investment in plant and equipment, or penalize them for making an especially bad investment. The return that a utility... 

Liberation from payment of import duties on capital plant and equipment, and on materials ... 

Capital grants and/or low-cost loans for the purchase of plant and equipment ... 

The cost of maintenance may be greatly influenced by the disruption caused by the access requirements. This involves not only direct costs such as scaffolding but indirect ones such as disruption of a process plant, closure of roads, protection of plant and equipment in the vicinity, etc. 

Plant and equipment that provides a service or is required to operate for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week presents a different proposition to the maintenance programming requirements. For example, a heating pump with a standby, which is required for a heating installation in an office with a set number of working hours from Monday to Friday. Alternative methods of maintenance programming may require the planner to allow for total replacement on plant failure or have available replacement units, so that when an item of plant or equipment fails, it is removed and a replacement installed. 

The ideal method would be that all plant or equipment units have a duplicate or redundant standby that on failure would automatically be brought into service. This is satisfactory when considering small, less expensive units, which are installed to ensure that the services they are providing are not disrupted (this could also include auxiliary items on major plant and equipment). However, due to the capital costs of the major unit itself, it would be... 

The benefits to be accrued from the implementation of a program of planned maintenance can be found in the efficient and economical operation of the plant and equipment and the utilization of resources (i.e. plant and equipment and manpower) while also maintaining a sound standard of safe working and environmental conditions for operators, other occupants and employees within the workplace. Maintenance systems vary, depending on the location of the plant and equipment and/or company policy. Systems can range from the complete maintenance of plant and equipment using all available methods to their replacement on failure. To meet the company s requirements it is then necessary to decide on the maintenance system that provides the most satisfactory benefits overall. 

Preventive maintenance is work to be carried out at a specific frequency as indicated by potential failures or known reduction in efficiency of the plant and equipment, thereby avoiding failures or a decrease in performance. 

Corrective maintenance is work carried out following the failure of the plant and equipment, and is so designed to return the component to its normal operating condition. 

Emergency maintenance is that work which is required to be performed without delay due to a failure of a component which, if not implemented, would lead to further failures or even permanent damage, resulting in the total loss of the plant and equipment. Plant and equipment in such a condition may also be dangerous to personnel. 

In preparing a planned maintenance system the opportunity should be taken to involve the whole department. This can be achieved by using the operatives who will subsequently action the work to carry out the initial survey of plant and equipment. 

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