National reporting systems

I Coimtries have national reporting systems. In the UK the Committee for the Safety of Medicines/Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (http //www.mca.gov.uk/) encourage notification of possible adverse reactions for new products (indicated by black triangles ) using a yellow cards reporting system. 

American National Standard Nuclear Plant Reliability Data Collection and Reporting System. 

The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a national vaccine safety surveillance program co-sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). VAERS collects and analyzes information from reports of adverse reactions after immunization. Anyone can report to VAERS, and reports are sent in by vaccine manufacturers, health care providers, and vaccine recipients and their parents or guardians. An example of the VAERS and instructions for completing the form are found in Appendix F. Any clinically significant adverse event that occurs after the administration of any vaccine should be reported. Individuals are encouraged to provide the information on the form even if the individual is uncertain if the event was related to the... 

In any case, injection site responses (erythemia, edema, pain, and tenderness) and systemic responses are both evaluated in subjects (Mathieu, 1997). USFDA also has specific guidance on the tracking and reporting of adverse clinical responses to vaccines. Any adverse events or product problems with vaccines should not be sent to MedWatch but to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERA), operated jointly by FDA and the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For a copy of the VAERS form, call 1-800-822-7967, or download the form (in PDF format) from www.fda.gov/cber/vaers/vaersl.pdf on FDA s Website. 

In response to the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1988, which required health workers to report vaccine adverse events, the CDC and the FDA collaborated in 1990 to implement the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to monitor the safety of vaccines in both sectors. Health care professionals and parent or other caretakers are encouraged to report all clinically significant vaccine adverse events. Narrative diagnostic reports are reviewed and assigned standard codes using Coding Symbols for a Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms. The source of the vaccines (public versus private provider) is recorded on the form. 

Management of change Material safety data sheet Management systems verification National Association of Chemical Distributors North American Industry Classification System National Fire Incident Reporting System National Fire Protection Association National Institute of Standards and Technology National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Response Center (USCG)... 

National Fire Incident Reporting System U.S. Fire Administration Reviewed only... 

Since then there have been many publications and reviews of the UK yellow card system and spontaneous reporting systems internationally.A summary of the capabilities and limitations of the method is given in Table 15.6. Although these have been discussed in the greatest detail over the past three decades, the obligations that exist for pharmaceutical companies in the reporting of adverse events to the regulatory authorities at both national and international levels make it essential to review them in this chapter. 

Elvin, John. The Thinning Ranks of America s Gun Dealers. Insight on the News, vol. 13, April 7, 1997, p. 23. Reports that there are 100,000 fewer gun dealers, and argues that ever more strict gun laws are the reason. Elvin describes a number of proposals that would go beyond the Brady Bill in increasing paperwork and expense for gun dealers and that could lead to a national registration system that would facilitate gun confiscation. 

As in previous years, the Report is based on data obtained primarily from the Annual Reports Questionnaire (ARQ) sent by Governments to UNODC in 2006, supplemented by other sources when necessary and where available. Two of the main limitations herein are (i) that ARQ reporting is not systematic enough, both in terms of number of countries responding and of content, and (ii) that most countries lack the adequate monitoring systems required to produce reliable, comprehensive and internationally comparable data. National monitoring systems are, however, improving and UNODC has contributed to this process. 

The demand for drug abuse treatment is an important indicator for assessing the world drug situation because it reveals the drugs which place the largest burden on national health systems. Member States reported a total of 4.5 million people under treatment for drug abuse to UNODC. Of the 25 million people (0.6% of the world s population age 15-65) estimated to be heavily... 

No specific total amphetamine-use statistics are available. However, according to the year 2000 report of the Drug Abuse Warning Network, there was a 35% increase from 1999 to 2000 in the number of hospital emergency department (ED) cases in which amphetamines were mentioned. DAWN is a national surveillance system that collects data on drug-related emergency department visits. 

In 1990, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) completed a study of 182 fatal-to-the-driver truck accidents to investigate the probable cause of the accidents. While the study was designed under the assumption that most fatal heavy truck crashes may be related to alcohol and other drugs, it was found that the most frequently determined probable cause was fatigue (12). A 1993 analysis of the Fatal Accident Report System (FARS) also suggested that truck driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 30% of heavy truck accidents. 

Part two of the plan calls for establishing an error-reporting system. The report suggests a two-prong approach in which a national program is first implemented at the state level to detect the most serious errors. Then, a voluntary, confidential system is established to encourage individuals to report near misses. Pharmacists can participate in both activities to provide their expertise and help create such systems in their institutions. 

The ABA s Central Office is working with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness to establish and maintain a real-time burn bed availability program for the nation. In the recent past, the ABA worked with the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research on a burn bed resource capacity project. The ABA Central Office will continue to work with HHS and others to develop and maintain a real-time burn bed resource capacity reporting system. 

Lauritsen, A., Svendsen, T., Sorensen, B. (1996). A study of the integration of wind energy into the national energy systems of Denmark, Wales and Germany as illustrations of success stories for renewable energy. Wind Power in Denmark, EC project report RENA.CT94-0012 (106 pp). IMFUFA, Roskilde University. 

Skin reactions are often reported with NSAIDs, but the true incidences with individual NSAIDs are unknown. There are very few specific epidemiological studies, and most information comes from single case reports and data from national spontaneous reporting systems. A major study on nearly 20 000 patients showed that 0.3% of 9118 patients taking analgesics and NSAIDs developed skin reactions that could be attributed to these drugs (164). 

The CEC s North American Pollutant Release and Transfer Register project tracks and publishes information on the amounts, sources, and handling of toxic chemicals from industrial activities in North America, including analyses of trends in pollutant releases and transfers since the early days of NAFTA. Each year the CEC publishes the Taking Stock" report and website, which provides a unique regional picture of pollutant data in North America, based on available data from the national PRTR systems. 

Another PF copolymer 28, composed of alternating DOF and thieno-[3,2-b]thiophene, was reported by Iim et al. [59]. The incorporation of electron-rich thieno- [ 3,2- b ] thiophene moiety in the polymer backbone led to lower HOMO (5.38 eV) and higher LUMO (2.4 eV) levels than those of PFO (HOMO 5.8 eV, LUMO 2.12 eV [12]). The device ITO/PEDOT PSS/28/IiF/Al exhibited a pure green emission with a peak at 515 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.29, 0.63), which is very close to the standard green required by the National Television System Committee (NTSC) (0.26, 0.65). In addition, the maximum brightness and efficiency of this device were 970 cdm 2 and 0.32 cd A-1, respectively. 

Source Reitox national reports 1999, taken from national treatment reporting systems. 

Schimel, D., Sulzman, E. W. (1994). Variability of tiie Earth-climate system decadal and longer timescales. In S. P. Nelson (ed.). The U.S. National Report (1991-1994) to the International Union of Geophysics and Geodessey. American Geophysical Union, Washigton, DC. 

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