Specialty reporting systems

Stem, R.S. and Bigby M., An expanded profile of cutaneous reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory dmgs reports to a specialty-based system for spontaneous reporting of adverse reactions to drugs, JAMA, 252,1433-1437,1984. 

We found that 23 % of hospital admissions in eight specialties were associated with patient safety incidents and 11% with adverse events. This is similar to rates found in studies using similar methods in the United Kingdom and internationally. The routine reporting system as implemented in this large hospital missed most patient safety incidents that were identified by case note review and detected only 5% of those incidents that resulted in patient harm. This suggests that the routine reporting system considerably under-reports the scale and severity of patient safety incidents. 

Iron. This is a specialty drier that is considered active at temperatures of about 130°C. For this reason iron 2-ethyIhexanoate [19583-54-1] is used in bake coatings that require maximum hardness. The principal drawback of using iron driers is that iron contributes a characteristic brownish red color to the coating and should only be used in dark pigmented systems. It has been reported that iron aids the dispersion of carbon black pigment and reduces the tendency for orange peel film defects (6). 

The state-of-the-art laboratories are equipped with the latest models of analytical instruments and computer systems, while others may have older, less sophisticated equipment or a mix of modern and outdated instruments. The goal of production laboratories is to analyze samples in the fastest possible manner. To be competitive, laboratories must have fully automated analytical systems allowing unattended sequential analysis of samples and computerized output of analytical results. Data acquisition computers, programmed with specialty software, control analytical instruments, collect the raw data, and convert them into analytical results. These computers are typically interfaced with the LIMS, which networks different laboratory sections into a single computer system and transforms analytical results into laboratory reports. 

Pharmacotherapy is a significant interest within the EPCs, and AHRQ welcomes partners such as specialty societies and health systems to submit topics for evidence reports, participate with the EPC s in preparing reports, and most importantly to use the findings of EPC s to develop tools and materials that will improve the quality of care. 

Advances in technology can facilitate the generation and transfer of patient documentation. As more pharmacies use the Internet as a means of communication, information can be transferred quickly and accurately over greater distances. Handheld computers and specialty software allow health care practitioners to document information in an electronic format that can be transformed immediately for rapid transfer to others. Reports in the literature have described methods to assess pharmacist interventions related to medication errors, the use of computer-based systems, and recently, the use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) in specific patient care areas. Many of these documentation systems tend to be individualized apphcations in which the transfer of data to other providers is not possible or quite limited. Often these systems focus on the generation of reports for workload analysis or accreditation purposes. 

Each of the approaches reported thus far to these rare ring systems appears rather promising. The nucleophilic addition/cyclization and [3,3]-rearrangement routes appear potentially well-suited for the rather general preparation of substituted analogues. The azomethine ylide route will presumably be somewhat limited in scope, given the basic reaction motif and its structural requirements, while the bicyclic thione rearrangement route will perhaps be of some use for the preparation of specialty compounds related to (54). 

Base-catalyzed and bifiinctional (acid/base) applications of zeolites have been reported for bulk chemicals, but they are not as numerous as the acid-catalyzed applications (15), However, base catalysis may play a major role in the synthesis of fine and specialty chemicals. For example, in the synthesis of 4-methylthiazole, a systemic fungicide, basic sites of the Cs zeolite catalyst are... 

Patient safety is a major concern in health care systems worldwide and has gained increasing attention since the Institute of Medicine published its report To Err Is Human in 1999 [1]. Based on extrapolations of study data, this report estimated that approximately 44,000-98,000 Americans die annually due to adverse events in health care. Patients with serious conditions, multimorbidity, and with intense and fragmented health care utilization, like end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, are at increased risk for suffering adverse events. It is thus vital that clinicians caring for ESRD patients make patient safety a top priority and cooperate on safety with their colleagues within and across other clinical specialties inside and outside the hospital. In this chapter, we will introduce the fundamental terms and concepts of patient safety and present readers an overview of essential data. We describe examples of important innovations which contribute to patient safety and briefly discuss future needs and developments. 

For Adkins definitions of subject fields (which are compatible with the specialty codes of the National Center for Education Statistics), see ibid, Table A-1,181-190. The trends reported in this chapter employ Adkins system of classification. See Appendix A for a discussion of possible adjustments which incorporate biochemistry and chemical-materials engineering. 

---