Recent Research Activities

We have performed data evaluation for hydrocarbons with the help of Prof. R. Janev. As a guest professor at NIFS, he worked on the data evaluation of charge exchange by proton impact and ionization by electron impact. They are published as NIFS DATA series [7,8], Dr. Y. Ralchenko and 

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Homepage of autoionization data made by KALRI and NIFS 

as guest professors, worked to provide a recommended data set for electron impact ionization and excitation cross-sections for He atoms [9]. 

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Recent Research Activity in Rare Earth CRT Phosphors... 

Several areas of recent research activity that have an impact on rare earth usage in CRT phosphors have already been mentioned—pigmented phosphors for color TV, and voltage penetration and current saturable phosphors for two-color displays. 

In this chapter, we provide an overview of our recent research on solvent extraction of fission products based on ILs. Since the inception of fhe IL-based extraction system for metal ions in 1999, this approach has proven to be highly efficient for the extraction of metal ions. The success of the IL-based extraction systems lies in its ionicity, tunability, ion exchangeability, and nonvolatility. Although this review is focused on the recent research activities of our research groups, we hope to convince readers that the separation of metal ions based on IL is a fascinating research arena. Existing achievements and many anticipated future advances in this area will have fundamental and practical impacts on separation sciences. 

Recent research activities resulted in the following additional information. 

The use of hypervalent iodine reagents in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions is summarized with particular emphasis on applications in organic synthesis. The most important recent methods involve the radical decarboxylative alkylation of organic substrates with [bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes, spirocyclization of para- and ortho-substituted phenols, the intramolecular oxidative coupling of phenol ethers, and the reactions of iodonium salts and ylides. A significant recent research activity is centered in the area of the transition metal-mediated coupling reactions of the alkenyl-, aryl-, and alkynyliodonium salts. 

Ray Kapral came to Toronto from the United States in 1969. His research interests center on theories of rate processes both in systems close to equilibrium, where the goal is the development of a microscopic theory of condensed phase reaction rates,89 and in systems far from chemical equilibrium, where descriptions of the complex spatial and temporal reactive dynamics that these systems exhibit have been developed.90 He and his collaborators have carried out research on the dynamics of phase transitions and critical phenomena, the dynamics of colloidal suspensions, the kinetic theory of chemical reactions in liquids, nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of liquids and mode coupling theory, mechanisms for the onset of chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems, the stochastic theory of chemical rate processes, studies of pattern formation in chemically reacting systems, and the development of molecular dynamics simulation methods for activated chemical rate processes. His recent research activities center on the theory of quantum and classical rate processes in the condensed phase91 and in clusters, and studies of chemical waves and patterns in reacting systems at both the macroscopic and mesoscopic levels. 

As with the simple 1,4-naphthoquinones, most recent research activity in the heteroannelated compounds has been directed towards the development of dyes that absorb in the near-infrared. Noteworthy is the dithiadinaphtho-1,4-naphthoquinone system 16 (X = S), which can be prepared by condensing 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with 2-aminothiophenol [25], The parent compound 16 (X = S) [96692-25-0] shows multiple absorption bands between 400 and 800 nm, with the most intense peak at 725 nm in chloroform (rmax 15 200 L mob1 cm-1) [25], Oxidation of the sulfur atoms to SO groups produces a large bathochromic shift, and 16 (X = SO) shows a peak at 827 nm (emax 17 600 L mol-1 cm-1) in chloroform [25],... 

The synthesis and structural study of the stable P-heterocylic carbene 49 and related structures (e.g., structures 48 and 52 see Figure 3) have attracted some recent research activity <2005AGE1700, 2002JA2506, 2006AGE2598, 2006AGE7447>. The synthesis of the stable P-heterocylic carbene 49 was accomplished in two steps (1) a formal [3+2] cycloaddition of the readily available phosphaalkene 123 with acetonitrile in the presence of silver triflate afforded salt 124, and (2) the isolated and recrystallized salt 124 was deprotonated by lithium hexamethyldisilazide in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to afford carbene 49 as relatively stable light-yellow crystals (Scheme 10) <2005AGE1700>. 

In this chapter, synthesis of segmented copolymers and the thermodynamics of phase separation will be discussed briefly. The main focus, however, summarizes recent research activities in the study of structure-property relationships of these segmented copolymers. 

Short reviews of the recent research activities into UV disinfection of water and air and of the UV treatment techniques of polluted air are enriched by the description and discussion of several selected examples of published industrial applications. Many questions related to the selection of UV processes will be answered and common pitfalls referring to UV applications addressed. 

Recent research activities on nanoporous materials have stimulated fundamental studies on adsorption mechanism in micropores [1 5]. Both of the precise measurement of high resolution adsorption isotherms from the low P/Po region and molecular simulation showed the presence of monolayer adsorption on the micropore walls and further filling in the residual spaces after monolayer completion for supermicropores (0.7 nm < pore width w <2 nm) the contribution by the monolayer to the filling in the residual spaces is comparable to that by the pore walls [6-10]. Systematic researches on activated carbon fiber (ACF) having slit-shaped micropores[l 1,12] have contributed to elucidation of the mechanism of micropore filling to develop better adsorbents in adsorption and separation engineering. 

Utilization of wood-biomass residues as well as waste polymers is the important direction of recent research activities. It is known that direct catalytic liquefaction of plant biomass can be used to produce liquid fuels and chemicals [1,2]. Co-pyrolysis and co-hydropyrolysis processes have the potential for the environmentally friendly transformation of lignocellulosic and plastic waste to valuable chemicals. 

While in the early days of organic mass spectrometry the ortho effect was preferentially used as a diagnostic tool for structure elucidation, the recent research activities have concentrated on mechanisms and related aspects. Among these the... 

In this chapter, keeping in mind the generation, characterization, and reactions of the cyclic polyynes, the interplay of organic chemistry and carbon cluster science during the last decade is presented. First, following short historical remarks (Section 6.2.1), recent research activity on the production of cyclo[ ]carbons from well-defined organic precursors is surveyed (Section 6.2.2). Second, major structural and electronic properties of mono-cyclic carbon clusters are presented in the context of theoretical considerations (Section 6.2.3), followed by observational results of photoelectron spectroscopy (Section 6.2.4). Third, considerations on the infrared activity of cyclic Cio will be presented (Section 6.2.5). Finally, this chapter ends with experimental as well as theoretical proposals for the structures of multicyclic polyynes (Section 6.3) and their relevance to the formation of fullerenes, in particular from polycyclic polyynes (Section 6.4). 

None of these materials are free from disadvantages mainly non-processibility by solvent or melt techniques, poor mechanical properties after doping, and most distressing, their environmental instability. These problems have greatly impeded their use in various novel applications. Furthermore, the proper characterization of organic conductive polymers has remained very difficult due to their intractability. Recent research activities have led to the realization that such polymers... 

Measurement of myocardial metabolism using three types of metabohc substrates has been the focus of a great deal of recent research activity. The use of glucose and its analogs, fatty acids and their analogs, and ammonia and amino acids illustrates the general approach taken in this work and the principles involved. These examples can also be used... 

Recent research activity in carborane chemistry has been directed toward expanding the use of carborane clusters in materials science including, among others, molecular recognition systems, display devices, modular construction systems, NLO materials and special polymers. Nonetheless, their use in developing functional materials such as olefin polymerization catalysts and luminescent materials is still limited. 

Research efforts aimed at quantifying the solubility of CO2 in ionic liquids revealed a significant influence of the ionic liquid s water content on the CO2 solubility. While water-saturated [BMIM][PF6] (up to 2.3 wt.% water) has a CO2 solubility of only 0.13 mol fraction, 0.54 mol fraction CO2 dissolves in dry [BMIM][PF6] (about 0.15 wt.% water) at 57 bar and 40 °C [7]. Kazarian et al. used ATR-IR to determine the CO2 solubility in [BMIMJfPFs] and [BMIM] [BF4]. They reported a solubility of 0.6 mol fraction CO2 in [BMIMJfPFs] at 68 bar and 40 °C [8]. More recent research activities by Brennecke et al. have been directed towards the elucidation of the solvent strength [9] and the phase behavior of SCCO2/IL mixtures [10] and the determination of the solubility of various gases in ionic liquids. These studies have revealed that the solubility of CO2 in ionic liquids is mainly dependent on the anion structure. While [PFfi] and [BF4]-based ILs show similar solubility, an increased solubility can... 

However, many other anomalies of water can be explained in terms of models of water that employ essentially the four parameters mentioned above. In some cases the quantum nature of hydrogen and the quantum nature of the lone pair of the oxygen atom must be taken into account. This is clearly apparent in the interaction of water with charged solutes and also in the determination of the pH of water, as discussed in Chapter 5. These are difficult problems to understand and remain very much in the realm of recent research activities. 

Patricia Maria Patrizi Pratta was bom in Sao Carlos (Brazil) in 1972. Ph.D. in Science at the Chemical Department of the Federal University of Sao Carlos (Brazil) in 2007. She was postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Chemistry of Sao Carlos of the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil) from 2010 to 2011 and at the Chemical Engineering Department of the Federal University of Sao Carlos (Brazil) from 2012 to 2014. Her research areas include catalysis, electrochemistry and electroanalytical. Her recent research activities are concentrated in the bio-fuel and catalysts synthesis. 

Starting after the turn of the millennium with the exploration of droplet-based microfluidic operations and conceptional work on initial application concepts, recent research activities are directed toward an efficient, model-based design and cost-efficient preparation of droplet-based lab-on-a-chip devices. 

T. Ogasawara, Recent Research Activities Regarding SiC-Based Ceramic Composites for Aerospace Applications, J. Piasma Fusion Res., 80, 36-41 (2004) [in Japanese]. 

Electrically conducting, highly conjugated polymers continue to fascinate scientists and to be the subject of many publications. This chapter addresses the recent research activity in this field and will thus concentrate on publications since the second edition of this handbook was published in 1998. For the most part. Chapter 11 [1] covered the literature through 1995 and so we wiU, in this updated chapter, cover the literature from 1995 to 2005. 

This chapter provides a broad summary of recent research activity in the area of CPEs. It is evident that there is great enthusiasm in the conducting polymers community for CPEs. These materials provide a unique opportunity to explore the interactions between electro- and photoactive conjugated polymers with water-borne species such as metal ions and biological macromolecules, including proteins and DNA. Moreover, the ability to use the materials in LbL self-assembly affords researchers a tool for fabrication of heterostructured films of opto- and electronically active materials. This ability has not been easily possible with conventional conjugated polymers that are processed fi om organic solvents. 

The recent research activities on molecular bmshes mainly focus on new S3mthetic approaches, stmctures with high complexity and functionality, imaging and manipulation, exploration of solution and bulk behaviors, theoretical simulation, and practical applications. This chapter describes the various synthetic strategies employed for the preparation of molecular bmshes with various stmaures and chemical compositions, their properties in different physical states, and their applications in nanotechnology. 

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