Speciality polymers

Inorganic Polymers, Special Publication No. 15, Chemical Society, London (1961)... 

Polymers, 20 389-412. See also Ethylene-propylene polymers Filled polymers Higher olefin polymers Polymerization Polysaccharides Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) SiC>2 polymer Special polymers Sulfur-containing polymers Thermosetting reactive polymers Water-soluble polymers aging of, 20 167... 

Mario Gauthier (University of Waterloo) for the PS Arborescent polymers. Special thanks to the NIST dendrimer team who provided all of the characterization work, Andreas Topp, Ty J. Prosa, Da-Wei Liu, Catheryn L. Jackson, and Giovanni Nisato. This work is supported in part by the US Army Research Office under contract number 35109-CH. 

For some important groups of polymers, special names and systems of nomenclature were developed. For instance, the nylons were named according to the number of carbons in the diamine and dicarboxylic acid reactants used in their synthesis. The nylon produced by the condensation of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (6 carbons) and adipic acid (6 carbons) is called nylon-6,6. Even here, there is no set standard as to how nylon-6,6 is to be written with alternatives including nylon-66 and nylon-6,6. 

Conventional copolymerizations yield macromolecules mostly with random distribution and only very seldom with alternating distribution of the monomer units. In order to synthesize block or graft polymers, special methods must be used, of which some are described in the following sections. 

According to the change of strain rate versus stress the response of the material can be categorized as linear, non-linear, or plastic. When linear response take place the material is categorized as a Newtonian. When the material is considered as Newtonian, the stress is linearly proportional to the strain rate. Then the material exhibits a non-linear response to the strain rate, it is categorized as Non Newtonian material. There is also an interesting case where the viscosity decreases as the shear/strain rate remains constant. This kind of materials are known as thixotropic deformation is observed when the stress is independent of the strain rate [2,3], In some cases viscoelastic materials behave as rubbers. In fact, in the case of many polymers specially those with crosslinking, rubber elasticity is observed. In these systems hysteresis, stress relaxation and creep take place. 

Polyoxometalates are important catalysts but they are also finding application in optical, electrical, and magnetic devices. Mixed-metal polyoxometalates with vanadium(V) in the polyoxoanion core confers enhanced properties to such structures, principally in their ability to form essentially infinite networks that can be utilized as coatings or as other thin film materials. Additionally, these materials have tunable electromagnetic and photochromic properties. In combination with organic polymers, so-called hybrid polymers, special electrochemical properties are conferred, making possible such electrical storage devices such as capacitors and batteries that utilize the redox properties of the polyoxometalate [7],... 

A. H. Fawcett (ed.), High-Value Polymers , Special Publication No. 87, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. 

The Aberystwyth group acknowledge support from the SERC (Electroactive Polymers Specially-Promoted Programme) and from the Treaty of Windsor Anglo-Portuguese Exchange Scheme of the British Council. The USM research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Systems Command, USAF, under Grant Number AFOSR 84-0249. 

Conducting (conjugated) polymers have a unique set of properties The electronic properties of metals and semiconductors and the processing advantages and mechanical properties of polymers. It is the and that makes conducting polymers special materials. There are, after all, many excellent metals for example, copper, nickel, silver and gold, to name but a few. Similarly, there are many excellent semiconductors. Indeed, the sophisticated modem electronics industry uses silicon as the semiconductor of choice. It would be difficult to improve on the quality of copper as a metal or silicon as a semiconductor. 

Archer, Ronald D. Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers. Special Topics in Inorganic Chemistry. New York Wiley-VCH, 2001. 

Alcacer L., Ed. Conducting polymers—special applications. Proceedings of the Workshop, Sintra, Portugal, Jul 28-31, 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company Dordrecht, Holland, 1987. 

A dataset containing the dielectric constants of 61 polymers measured at room temperature was prepared by careful comparison and combination of the data provided by many sources [3,14-20]. For polar polymers, special care was exercised to select values of e which represented, whenever possible, the "intrinsic" properties of the polymers, rather than the effects of the additives and fillers used. It will be seen in Section 9.D that the dielectric constants of typical commercial grades of many polar polymers, which contain significant amounts of additives, are considerably higher than the "intrinsic" values used in this section. 

Burchard, W. In Solution Properties of Natural Polymers (Special Publication Number 23). The Chemical Society, London, 1967. 

Atactic polymer (Special Topic B.l in WileyPLUS) A polymer in which the configuration at the stereogenic centers along the chain is random. 

Alcdcer L (1987) Conducting polymers special applications, Reidel D, Dordrecht, Holland A selection 181a-181f... 

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