Droplet based microfluidics

V. Srinivasan, V.K. Pamula, and R.B. Fair Droplet-Based Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for Glucose Detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 507, 145 (2004). 

Chatterjee, D., Hetayothin, B., Wheeler, A.R., King, D.J., and Garrell, R.L., Droplet-based microfluidics with nonaqueous solvents and solutions. Lab Chip, 6,199-206,2006. 

J. Fowler, H. Moon and C-J Kim, Enhancement of mixing by droplet-based microfluidics. Proc IEEE MEMS 97, 100 (2002). 

Owing to the increasing interest in digital or droplet-based microfluidics, the microfluidic generation of microdroplets, the associated active and passive mixing process, and the manipulation of microsized droplets in microfluidic devices will also be covered. 

Fig. 9 Reactions in microdroplets. (a) Schematic showing enhanced mixing and suppressed dispersion in droplets. Reproduced with permission from [47]. (b) Millisecond kinetics on droplet microfluidics. Reproduced with permission from [53]. (c) Droplet-based microfluidic synthesis of anisotropic metal nanocrystals. Reproduced with permission from [94]...

Fig. 3 Droplet-based microfluidic device integrated with a T-junction droplet generator and a droplet mechanical trapping array. With this device, individual C. elegans can be encapsulated into microdroplets and, after the droplets are trapped, the mobility behavior of the worms can be investigated at single-animal resolution [48]...

Droplet-based microfluidics 100pm/small (spherical) [103,104]... 

By droplet-based microfluidic techniques, spherical microparticles can be produced. In this process, a polymer solution or a two-component system is separated by an inert nonmiscible fluid to obtain droplets in the 10-200 om range. In most cases, spherical particles are obtained however, also rods or ellipsoids have been realized [108]. For droplet miCTofluidics, either glass capillary devices can be used or devices made by lithography techniques, commonly consisting of PDMS. Figure 3.69 shows a flow scheme for the... 

Srinivasan, V., Pamula, V. K., Fair, R. B. (2004). Droplet-based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip for glucose detection. Analytica ChimicaActa, 507, 145-150. 

The droplet-based microfluidic platforms for Lab-on-a-Chip applications can be fundamentally divided into two basic setups, the channel-based and the planar surface approach [2]. The channel-based systems are mostly pressure driven with droplet generation and manipulation relying on actuation via liquid flows within closed microchaimels. For the planar surface-based platforms, droplets can be arbitrarily moved in two dimensions representing planar programmable Lab-on-Chips. They are actuated by electrowetting (EWOD) or surface acoustic waves (SAW). 

One open area on droplet-based microfluidic research is the issue of droplet-wall interactions. For droplets of size comparable to the... 

In droplet-based microfluidics, these reaction vessels are formed by droplets of a dispersed phase, which are embedded into a continuous phase. Both liquid phases are immiscible. A huge amount of such droplet reactors can be generated, transported, controlled, and processed in parallel in a droplet-based lab-on-a-chip device. These devices can be characterized as application specific microfiuidic networks that implement and automate a conventional laboratory workflow in a microfluidic chip device or system. They are built up by appropriately intercoimecting microfluidic operation units, which provide the required laboratory operations at the microscale. Consequently, for each conventional laboratory operation, its microscale counterpart is required. 

Droplet Fusion and Droplet Loading, Fig. 3 Microstructures and microfluidic sysirans for droplet-based microfluidics... 

Due to the high impact of metering of liquid into droplets, research on this operations started at early stages of the development of droplet-based microfluidics. First approaches utilized... 

Starting after the turn of the millennium with the exploration of droplet-based microfluidic operations and conceptional work on initial application concepts, recent research activities are directed toward an efficient, model-based design and cost-efficient preparation of droplet-based lab-on-a-chip devices. 

Seemann R, Brinkmann MP, Herminghaus S (2012) Droplet based microfluidics. Rep Prog Phys 75 1-41... 

This actuation concept can be used for transport and sorting applications in droplet-based microfluidics. The results show the potential use of ferrofluid droplets as both a vehicle and a microreaction platform for droplet-based Lab-on-a-Chip applications. 

Srinivasan V, Pamula VK, Fair RB (2004) Droplet-based microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for glucose detection. Anal Chim Acta 507(1) 145-150... 

Miller OJ et al (2011) High-resolution dose-response screening using droplet-based microfluidics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 378... 

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