Polypropylene alloys

L. A. Utracld, M.M. Dumoulin, Polypropylene alloys and blends with thermoplastics, in Polypro-... 

L.A. Utracki, M.M. Dumoulin, Polypropylene alloys and blends with thermoplastics, in Polypropylene Structure, Blends and Composites, ed. by J. Karger-Kocsis, vol. 2 (Elsevier, Barking, 1994), pp. 50-94... 

Several approaches to compatibilizing PPE blends with commercial polyolefins (polypropylene, etc.) have been reported in the literature (Lee 1990 Kirkpatrick et al. 1989). Simultaneous compatibilization and impact modification of PPE/polypropylene blends was achieved by choosing selected types of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymers and PPE resin of low molecular weight (Akkapeddi and VanBuskirk 1992). A family of PPE/polypropylene alloys were commercially launched by G.E. in 2001, under the Noryl PPX trade name, and these are now sold by Sabic. Typical properties of a commercial PPE/PP blend are shown in Table 19.32. These PPE/PP blends are claimed to offer a balance of cost and performance between the TPOs and other higher-cost engineering thermoplastics such as nylons, modified PET, and PBT resins. Basically, the PPE/PP blends offer a balance of key properties stiffness, toughness, chemical, and heat resistance. 

TPP 10GB Polypropylene alloy with talc, paintable Ferro Corp. 

Member of a family of polypropylene alloys which have been modified by rubbery olefinic pol5Tners. Available in natural form and in colors. Material can be UV stabilized. Properties depend on the relative amounts of polypropylene and rubbery modifiers incorporated. STRUCTURE... 

A- Acrylic V-Viscose SA-Saran Alloy PPA-Polypropylene Alloy W-Wool MA-Modacrylic PETP-Polyester PP-Polypropylene. 

Aqueous solutions of 50% acrylamide should be kept between 15.5 and 38°C with a maximum of 49°C. Below 14.5°C acrylamide crystallizes from solution and separates from the inhibitor. Above 50°C the rate of polymer buildup becomes significant. Suitable materials of constmction for containers include stainless steel (304 and 316) and steel lined with plastic resin (polypropylene, phenoHc, or epoxy). Avoid contact with copper, aluminum, their alloys, or ordinary iron and steel. 

The Fe, Co, and Ni deposits are extremely fine grained at high current density and pH. Electroless nickel, cobalt, and nickel—cobalt alloy plating from fluoroborate-containing baths yields a deposit of superior corrosion resistance, low stress, and excellent hardenabiUty (114). Lead is plated alone or ia combination with tin, iadium, and antimony (115). Sound iasulators are made as lead—plastic laminates by electrolyticaHy coating Pb from a fluoroborate bath to 0.5 mm on a copper-coated nylon or polypropylene film (116) (see Insulation, acoustic). Steel plates can be simultaneously electrocoated with lead and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (117). Solder is plated ia solutioas containing Pb(Bp4)2 and Sn(Bp4)2 thus the lustrous solder-plated object is coated with a Pb—Sn alloy (118). 

A typical automobile battery weighs 16.4 kg and consists of 3.5 kg metallic lead, 2.6 kg lead oxides, 4.0 kg lead sulfate, 1.3 kg polypropylene, 1.1 kg PVC, mbber and other separators, and 3.9 kg electrolyte. Including acid and water, the lead-beating parts represent 61 wt %, ie, 21 wt % of lead alloy (2% Sb) and 40 wt % lead oxides and sulfate. Nonlead-beating parts constitute the remaining 39% the case (hard mbber or polypropylene) and separators (PVC) at 15 wt % and the electrolyte at 24 wt %. 

Corrosion. Aqueous solutions of citric acid are mildly corrosive toward carbon steels. At elevated temperatures, 304 stainless steel is corroded by citric acid, but 316 stainless steel is resistant to corrosion. Many aluminum, copper, and nickel alloys are mildly corroded by citric acid. In general, glass and plastics such as fiber glass reinforced polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and cross-linked poly(vinyl chloride) are not corroded by citric acid. 

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-linedsteel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-Ifned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40 Alloy 20 Sch. 5 FEP Teflon-lined steel PFA Teflon-lined steel Armored-glass pipe PTFE Teflon-lined steel Monel 400 Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 5 Alloy 20 Sch. 40 Monel 400 Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 5 Titanium Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 40 Titanium Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 40 Glass-lined steel Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 5 Hastelloy B Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 40 Hastelloy B Sch. 40 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 5 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 40... 

The use of ABS has in recent years met considerable competition on two fronts, particularly in automotive applications. For lower cost applications, where demands of finish and heat resistance are not too severe, blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubbers have found application (see Chapters 11 and 31). On the other hand, where enhanced heat resistance and surface hardness are required in conjunction with excellent impact properties, polycarbonate-ABS alloys (see Section 20.8) have found many applications. These materials have also replaced ABS in a number of electrical fittings and housings for business and domestic applications. Where improved heat distortion temperature and good electrical insulation properties (including tracking resistance) are important, then ABS may be replaced by poly(butylene terephthalate). 

Polypropylene block and graft copolymers are efficient blend compatibilizers. These materials allow the formation of alloys, for example, isotactic polypropylene with styrene-acrylonitrile polymer or polyamides, by enhancing the dispersion of incompatible polymers and improving their interfacial adhesion. Polyolefinic materials of such types afford property synergisms such as improved stiffness combined with greater toughness. 

Packing of York-Fiberbed high efficiency mist eliminators consists of ceramic, glass, polypropylene, fluoropolymer fibers. Cages and frames are fabricated from all stainless steels and other weldable alloys as well as FRP. 

Aortal Aery Me ABS Alkyd Alloy /Blands Barrier Resin CeliAwie Diallyl Phthalates Engineering Plastics Epoxies Fluorepdlymars Liquid Crystal Melamine Nitrile Resins Nylon Phenolic Polyamlde-lmide Polycarbonate polyester Polyethylene Polyimictes Polypropylene Polyurethanes PVC... 

Chattopadhyay S., Chaki T.K., and Bhowmick A.K., New thermoplastic elastomers from poly(ethyle-neoctene) (engage), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and low-density polyethylene by electron beam technology structural characterization and mechanical properties. Rubber Chem. TechnoL, 74, 815, 2001. Roy Choudhury N. and Dutta N.K., Thermoplastic elastomeric natural rubber-polypropylene blends with reference to interaction between the components. Advances in Polymer Blends and Alloys Technology, Vol. 5 (K. Finlayson, ed.), Technomic Publishers, Pensylvania, 1994, 161. 

As stated above, we postulated that fast, reversible chain transfer between two different catalysts would be an excellent way to make block copolymers catalytically. While CCTP is well established, the use of main-group metals to exchange polymer chains between two different catalysts has much less precedent. Chien and coworkers reported propylene polymerizations with a dual catalyst system comprising either of two isospecific metallocenes 5 and 6 with an aspecific metallocene 7 [20], They reported that the combinations gave polypropylene (PP) alloys composed of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), atactic polypropylene (aPP), and a small fraction (7-10%) claimed by 13C NMR to have a stereoblock structure. Chien later reported a product made from mixtures of isospecific and syndiospecific polypropylene precatalysts 5 and 8 [21] (detailed analysis using WAXS, NMR, SEC/FT-IR, and AFM were said to be done and details to be published in Makromolecular Chemistry... 

A variety of materials are used when manufacturing a cover, including reinforced concrete, steel, aluminum, polypropylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, or ethylene interpolymer alloys. There are several factors that affect a reservoir cover s effectiveness and thus its ability to protect the stored water. These factors include the following ... 

Polyolefins are well adapted to the mono-material concept talc-filled polypropylene and LFRT for structural parts, foamed polyethylene and polypropylene for damping, polypropy-lene/EPDM alloys or copolymers for skins. Some other functions need incompatible polymers with specific characteristics such as optical properties. Without claiming to be exhaustive, the other thermoplastic materials are ... 

The launch of new resins being rare, progress on materials intended for medical applications is by way of formulation, alloys and modifications of existing resins. Thus, new radiation-stable polypropylene grades are available for the manufacture of cups, boxes, baskets, mixers, etc. that are radiation sterilized. And polyesters with better environmental stress cracking resistance are extending their potenti in the area of medical testing. 

Summary of some general assessments concerning the chemical behaviour at room temperature of polypropylene and polyamide, which are not necessarily representative of PP/PA alloys or of all grades of PP and PA. These general indications should be verified by consultation with the producer of the selected alloys and by tests under operating conditions. 

PPE particles are dispersed into a matrix of polypropylene via a patented alloying technology resulting in a material benefiting from ... 

Most of these units adopt physical or chemical processes to separate the components and then thermal treatment for smelting and refining. The components are polypropylene (from the cases), lead and lead compounds (from the grids, terminals and paste slurry), acid (from the electrolyte) and other residues (separators, fibres, etc.). Smelting is typically conducted in furnaces designed to produce crude lead. Further refining is used to synthesize a range of alloys to meet specific mechanical, electrical and chemical characteristics. Electrochemical processes are occasionally used. 

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