Patented alloys

PPE particles are dispersed into a matrix of polypropylene via a patented alloying technology resulting in a material benefiting from ... 

For general work at higher temperatures, several different types of couples are employed in this country. Up to 360°C. for extreme precision or to 500°C. for a precision of 5 to 10°C. the couple may consist of one wire of copper and the other wire of constantan. Iron-constantan or nichrome-constantan may be employed for technical processes below 900°C. For operation below 1,100°C. special patented alloys of chromium and nickel and of aluminum and nickel, chromel-alumek or nichrome-alumel are very satisfactory even for continuous service. For the temperature range 300 to 1,500°C. the Le Chatelier couple should be employed. This couple consists of one wire of platinum and the other wire an alloy containing 90 per cent platinum and 10 per cent rhodium. Other alloys and metals may be employed for special work but the above combinations are sufficient for almost all technical processes carried on in the temperature range 0 to 1,500°C. No satisfactory couple has been developed for operation much above 1,500°C. 

Another method of bonding involved the use of special metal alloys which were capable of reacting with and combining with sulphur. The earliest patent for the use of alloys was in Germany in 1904 [10]. Daft patented alloys containing antimony in the US between 1912 and 1913 [11, 12, 13, 14]. He also claimed the use of alloys of copper and zinc with bismuth and arsenic. These alloys were electrically deposited on the metal and the bonds to rubber were formed during the vulcanisation process. 

Another sol—gel abrasive, produced by seeding with a-ferric oxide or its precursors, has been patented (30). A magnesium-modified version of this abrasive, also called Cubitron, is being produced as a replacement for the earlier type. Yttria [1314-36-91-vnc>A V eA sol—gel abrasives have also been patented (31), as well as rare earth oxide modified materials (32). These abrasives are all produced by 3M Corporation they have performed very well ia various applications such as ia coated abrasives for grinding stainless steel and exotic alloys. 

The expiration of Phillips basic PPS patent in 1984 ushered in a large interest from the industrial sector. Companies, based largely in Europe and Japan, began acquiring patents worldwide for both the synthesis of PPS and a wide variety of appHcations, including compounds, blends, alloys, fiber, film, advanced composite materials, as well as end use products. 

Arsine is used for the preparation of gallium arsenide [1303-00-0] GaAs, (17), and there are numerous patents covering this subject (see Arsenic and ARSENIC alloys). The conversion of a monomeric arsinogaHane to gallium arsenide has also been described (18). GaUium arsenide has important appHcations in the field of optoelectronic and microwave devices (see Lasers Microwave technology Photodetectors). 

Babbitt Metals. High lead and tin alloys patented by Isaac Babbitt ki 1839 offer a superior combination of compatibiUty, conformabiUty, and... 

Modem electroless plating began in 1944 with the rediscovery that hypophosphite could bring about nickel deposition (7,8). Subsequent work led to the first patents on commercially usable electroless nickel solutions. Although these solutions were very useful for coating metals, they could not be used on most plastics because the operating temperature was 90—100°C. The first electroless nickel solution capable of wide use on plastics was introduced in 1966 (9). This solution was usable at room temperature and was extremely stable (see Nickel and nickel alloys). 

In the 1980s, IN 738 blades were widely used. IN-738, was the acknowledged corrosion standard for the industry. New alloys, such as GTD-111, were developed and patented by GE in the mid-1970s. GTD-111 possesses about a 35 °F (20 °C) improvement in rupture strength as compared to IN-738. GTD-111 is also superior to IN-738 in low-cycle fatigue strength. 

Electric arc process. Patented by Siemens in 1878, this u.ses an electric current through the metal (direct-arc), or an arc just above the metal (indirect-arc), as a means of heating. It is widely used in the manufacture of alloy- and other high-quality steels. 

The finishes produced have very good light fastness and corrosion resistance, and, unlike integral colour finishes, the shade is largely independent of the aluminium alloy and the anodic film thickness used. The whole range of shades can be produced on films as thin as 5 /im, so the finishes are also being used in trim applications. Many patents and publications in the electrolytic colouring field now exist and they have been reviewed by many authors . 

R. A. Allakhverdiev, B. Khydyrkuliev, and N. V. Reznikov. Plugging solution for repairing oil and gas wells-contains plugging Portland cement, isobutanol, water and liquid metal alloy of gallium, indium and tin, to increase strength of cement stone. Patent SU 1802082-A, 1993. 

P. Ya. Zeltser, V. I. Chalykh, L. V. Chemyakhovskij, V. N. Smeta-nin, V. I. Kravchenko, and K. S. Elkin. Light plugging solution production—from mixture of Portland cement, silica-containing dust waste from production of aluminium alloys, sodium hydroxide and water. Patent SU 1728471-A, 1992. 

Barbaro P, Bert P, Bianchini C, Giambastiani G, Tampucci A, Vizza F. 2006. Catalysts for fuel cells electrodes based on cobalt and its alloys, their preparation and use and fuel cells containing them. European Patent PCX/EP/2005/053576 World Patent WO 2006/008319. 

Nie, S. and Bailey, R.E. (2007) Alloyed semiconductor quantum dots and concentration-gradient alloyed quantum dots, series comprising the same and methods related thereto. US Patent Application 2007/0111324 Al. 

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