Typical Properties

The typical properties or specifications of aqueous flexo and gravure ink are Viscosity, Zahn efflux cup (ref. ASTM D4212-99) 25 °C  

Flexo ink shipping viscosity, Zahn 3 Gravure ink shipping viscosity, Zahn 3 Flexo ink printing viscosity, Zahn 3 Gravure ink printing viscosity, Zahn 2 Zahn 3 pH 

Fineness of grind, (ASTM D1316-93) Residue (ref. ASTM F311-97) 

Many heteropolymolybdates and heteropolytungstates fall into distinct series with properties that differ somewhat from one series to another. However, the heteropoly compounds as a class show the following general properties  

Heteropolymolybdates generally have very high molecular weights for inorganic electrolytes, ranging to over 4000. 

Free acids and most salts of heteropoly anions are extraordinarily soluble in water and are often very soluble in several organic solvents as well. 

In water Most free acids are generally extremely soluble (up to 85% by weight of solution). In general, the heteropoly salts of small cations, including those of many heavy metals, are also very soluble. Usually the larger the cation, the less soluble its 

The albumins are coagulated and precipitated by most heteropolymolybdates and heteropolytungstates. 

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All the techniques described above can be used to calculate molecular structures and energies. Which other properties are important for chemoinformatics Most applications have used semi-empirical theory to calculate properties or descriptors, but ab-initio and DFT are equally applicable. In the following, we describe some typical properties and descriptors that have been used in quantitative structure-activity (QSAR) and structure-property (QSPR) relationships. 

Typical Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Supercritical Fluids ... 

Most of the detergent range alcohols used commercially consist of mixtures of alcohols, and a wide variety of products is available. Table 6 shows the approximate carbon chain length composition of both the commonly used mixtures and single carbon materials typical properties are given ia Table 7. 

The sales brochures of the manufacturers describe the plasticizer range alcohols available on the merchant market (18). Typical properties of several commercial plasticizer range alcohols are presented in Table 8. Because in most cases these ate mixtures of isomers or alcohols with several carbon chains, the properties of a particular material can vary somewhat from manufacturer to manufacturer. Both odd and even carbon chain alcohols are available, in both linear and highly branched versions. Examples of the composition of several mixtures are given in Table 9. 

Table 8. Typical Properties of Commercial Plasticizer Range Alcohols...

Tables 2—5 Hst some typical properties or ranges of properties for the more common film and sheet products. Although these values are good for comparative purposes, actual performance tests are best to determine suitabiHty for use. Properties of multiple-layer films or sheets in laminar stmctures cannot always be predicted from values for the individual polymer layers. Use conditions of stress, temperature, humidity, and light exposure all strongly influence performance. Film and sheet manufacturers can recommend product combinations or variations that may provide significant performance advantages to the user.

Table 2 Hsts some typical properties of perfluoroalkanedicarboxyhc acids and their esters along with references to their synthesis.

The principal class of reactions in the FCC process converts high boiling, low octane normal paraffins to lower boiling, higher octane olefins, naphthenes (cycloparaffins), and aromatics. FCC naphtha is almost always fractionated into two or three streams. Typical properties are shown in Table 5. Properties of specific streams depend on the catalyst, design and operating conditions of the unit, and the cmde properties. 

Symbol Typical properties Examples Apphcation of polymers... 

B. F. Goodrich Co., Typical Properties of Geon Uinyl Compounds for Wire and Cables Insulation and Jacketing, bulletin, Cleveland, Ohio, 1991. 

Table 1. Typical Properties of Cellular Plastic Materials Used as Thermal Insulation...

Pure iron is a silvery white, relatively soft metal and is rarely used commercially. Typical properties are Hsted in Table 1. Electrolytic (99.9% pure) iron is used for magnetic cores (2) (see Magnetic materials, bulk). Native metallic iron is rarely found in nature because iron which commonly exhibits valences of +2 and +3 combines readily with oxygen and sulfur. Iron oxides are the most prevalent form of iron (see Iron compounds). Generally, these iron oxides (iron ores) are reduced to iron and melted in a blast furnace. The hot metal (pig iron) from the blast furnace is refined in steelmaking furnaces to make steel... 

Isoprene [78-79-5] (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is a colorless, volatile Hquid that is soluble in most hydrocarbons but is practically insoluble in water. Isoprene forms binary azeotropes with water, methanol, methylamine, acetonitrile, methyl formate, bromoethane, ethyl alcohol, methyl sulfide, acetone, propylene oxide, ethyl formate, isopropyl nitrate, methyla1 (dimethoxymethane), ethyl ether, and / -pentane. Ternary azeotropes form with water—acetone, water—acetonitrile, and methyl formate—ethyl bromide (8). Typical properties of isoprene are Hsted in Table 1. 

Analytical and Test Methods. For a review of detection, deterrnination, and identification of ketenes see Reference 67. Typical properties are the strong ir absorption bands at 2151 cm (C—O) and at 1120 cm as weU as a very low field signal of the j hybridi2ed carbon at approximately 194 to 206 ppm and a very high field signal of the s hybridi2ed carbon at approximately 2.5 to 27 ppm in C-nmr spectroscopy. 

Table 12. Typical Properties of Commercial Poly(methyl methacrylate) Sheet ...

The mechanical properties of LDPE fall somewhere between rigid polymers such as polystyrene and limp or soft polymers such as polyvinyls. LDPE exhibits good toughness and pHabiUty over a moderately wide temperature range. It is a viscoelastic material that displays non-Newtonian flow behavior, and the polymer is ductile at temperatures well below 0°C. Table 1 fists typical properties. 

High ortho novolaks have faster cure rates with hexa. Typical properties of a 2inc acetate-cataly2ed high ortho novolak are also shown in Table 4. The gel time with hexa is one-third of that with a strong acid-cataly2ed novolak. 

The acid process has been operated since 1970 by Cytec Canada Inc. (Niagara Falls, Canada) and since 1980 by Albright and Wilson Ltd. (Oldbury, England). Many of the details of the process are considered to be proprietary because of its specialized nature. Nippon Chemicals has also been producing phosphine, probably by the acid process, in Japan since the early to mid-1980s. Typical properties of phosphine are given in Table 1. 

Specifications and Standards. Typical properties of pyromeUitic acid are given in Table 38 (154,155). In many cases, specifications are negotiated between manufacturer and customer based on the needs of the final product. 

Properties of PGT. Typical properties of PCT are shown in Tables 5 and 6 (154). Table 5 shows the standard grades and Table 6 the PR grades. This material is in effect a copolymer of terephthaUc acid with two diols, the cis and trans forms of cyclohexanedimethanol. These two isomers do not form a eutectic copolymer with a minimum melting point, but instead the melting point rises monotonically between the two values of the pure... 

There are no generally accepted specifications manufacturers set their own specifications for hydroxyl number range, melt viscosity, water content, etc. Typical properties of Du Pont Terathane PTMEG are Hsted in Table 2, and selected thermal properties are given in Table 3 (260). For all grades, water content is <0.015 wt % ash, <0.001 wt % iron, <1 ppm peroxide, <5 ppm as H2O2 and flash point TOC is >163°C. 

The commercial polysulfldes are made from bis-chloroethylformal (formal) as shown later in equation 11. In some products trichloropropane is added as a branching agent. Table 1 shows typical properties of polysulfldes available from Morton International. These products were acquired from Thiokol Corp. in 1983. 

The typical properties of commercial PMBs are shown in Table 6. 

Table 5. Typical Properties of Refined Tall Oil Fatty Acids...

Table 3 shows typical properties of linear detergent alkylates produced via AIQ., HP, and new UOP Detal catalyst systems (86,87). 

Typical properties of homopolymers from DADC are given in Tables 3 and 4, and in manufacturers Hterature (20). 

In many chemical processes the catalyst particle size is important. The smaller the aluminum chloride particles, the faster it dissolves in reaction solvents. Particle-size distribution is controlled in the manufacturer s screening process. Typical properties of a commercial powder are shown in Table 2. 

Table 2. Typical Properties of Filled Amino Resin Molding Compounds...

Table 6. Typical Properties of Yams Suitable for Pile Components of Artificial Surfaces...

ELASTOPffiRS,SYNTHETic-POLYcm.OROPRENE Elastop rs, SYNTHETIC-ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE RUBBER). Tires, hoses, belts, molded and extmded goods, and asphalt products consume ca 80% of the reclaimed mbber manufactured. Typical properties of reclaimed mbbers are shown in Table 5. 

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