Talc filled polypropylene

Polypropylene—talc filled (1-1.5). Better thermoforming, but WVP only slightly better than PVC. Chalk filled PP is also available. 

Talc-filled reinforced polypropylene films and foils are beginning to replace PVC for corrugated board, labels. .. 

Polyolefins are well adapted to the mono-material concept talc-filled polypropylene and LFRT for structural parts, foamed polyethylene and polypropylene for damping, polypropy-lene/EPDM alloys or copolymers for skins. Some other functions need incompatible polymers with specific characteristics such as optical properties. Without claiming to be exhaustive, the other thermoplastic materials are ... 

For a given grade of 20% talc-filled polypropylene, Figure 4.13 displays two examples of SN or Wohler s curves concerning flexural tests ... 

Figure 7 shows the effect of filler particle shape on the viscosity of filled polypropylene melts, containing glass beads and talc particles, of similar density, loading and particle size distribution. The greater viscosity of the talc-filled composition was attributed to increased contact and surface interaction between these irregularly shaped particles. 

Gay is used as a filler in compounding paper and rubber. Talc, a naturally occurring fibrouslike hydrated magnesium silicate, is used to improve the thermal resistance of polypropylene (PP). Since talc-filled PP is much more resistant to heat than unfilled PP, it is used in automotive accessories subject to high temperatures. Over 40 million tons of talc are used annually as a filler. 

Mclnemey LF, Kao N, Bhattacharya SN (2003) Melt strength and extensibility of talc-filled polypropylene. Polym Eng Sd 43 1821-1829... 

Figure 8.10. Effect of phosphate concentration on the tensile yield stress of talc filled polypropylene. [Adapted, by permission, from Liu Z, Gilbert M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 59, No.7, 1996, 1087-98.]...

Major results. Figure 8.40 shows that the void density or whitening of talc filled polypropylene (relative to average scattering and scattering difference) increases... 

TABLE 4.7 Effect of particle size and content of talc on Izod impact strength of talc-filled polypropylene [4]... 

Ariffin, A., Mansor, A.S., Ariff, Z. M., Jikan, S.S., Ishak, Z.A.M. (2008). Effect of filler treatments on rheological behaviour of calcium carbonate and talc-filled polypropylene hybrid composites /. Appl. Polym. Sci, 108, 3901-3916... 

Hattotuwa, G.B. Premalal Ismail, H. Baharin, A. (2002). Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Powder Filled Polypropylene Composites with Talc Filled Polypropylene Composites. Polymer Testing, Vol.21, No.7, (n. d. 2002), p>p. 833-839, ISSN 0142-9418... 

Because of the different loading conditions, the values Jst and Thd cannot be compared. An example is given for polypropylene materials filled with talc in different qualities and CaCOs in Fig. 3.6 and Fig. 3.7. It can be shown that the VST is independent on filler quality and amount (Fig. 3.7). In this case, the polypropylene material is aheterophasic propylene-ethylene copolymer and differs in ethylene content (0,6 and 10 mol.-%). The difference in polypropylene materials is the only one reason for the difference of the Vicat softening temperatures. The heat distortion temperature shows another behaviour. Here both, the HDT A and the HDT B values increase with increasing filler content (Fig. 3.6 a, b). 

Table 3 provides average properties for the polypropylene with 40 % talc filled. 

The end result is that there can be density overlap between two resins even though the densities of the base resins differ significantly (Fig. 14.18). A classic example is common talc-filled polypropylene (PP) that can have a density very similar to that of unfilled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin. These... 

Particulate fillers can be incorporated into one of the layers, producing novel structures. Nazarenko et al. incorporated nickel, Ti02, and talc in LLDPE/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) combinations. Novel structures can also be prepared by combining filled and unfilled layers of the same material, such as filled and unfilled polypropylene (PP). Microlayered structures using poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) and talc filled PET have also been prepared. ... 

H.G.B. Premlal, H. Ismail, and A.A. Baharin, Comparison of the mechanical properties of rice husk powder filled polypropylene composites with talc filled polypropylene composites. Polym. Test. 21(7), 833-839, (2002). 

Khimova, V. and Sain, M.M. (1995) Optimization of mechanical strength of reinforced composites. 2. Reactive bismaleimide modified polypropylene composites filled with talc and zeolite. Angew. Makromol. Chem., 225, 11. 

Figure 3.37 Tensile strength of 40 wt% talc filled polypropylene. , Microtalc (untreated) SB, Emtal (untreated) If, Microtuff (treated) S, Cyprubond (treated). (From Ref. 35.)...

Maleated polypropylenes were also shown to act as coupling agent for talc filled polypropylene. Hyche et al. (32) reported that medium-molecular-weight highly functionalized PPgMAH is the preferred coupling agent for talc filled... 

AM Adur, S Flynn. Performance Enhancement in Talc-Filled Polypropylene Obtained by Addition of Acrylic Acid Modified Polypropylene. ANTEC, 1987, pp. 508-513. 

Trantina (3) analyzed the creep behavior of talc-filled polypropylene composites under constant uniaxial stress loads. He proposed a general expression for the strain ec attributed to creep alone as a superposition of time (f), stress (a), and temperature (T) dependence. The model equation is written as a product of three separate functions for each parameter ... 

A comparison of the properties of surface-treated phlogopite mica with talc, calcium carbonate, glass, and the unfilled resin is given in a technical bulletin produced by Marietta Resources International, Ltd. (10). Table 14.7 shows that 40 wt% mica-filled polypropylene (Profax 6523) had a higher flexural modulus than 30 wt% glass fiber-filled polypropylene (1.04 X 10 psi versus 0.93 X 10 psi). The compound filled with 40 wt% surface-modified mica also had higher Izod impact than the 40 wt% talc-filled compound (0.65 versus 0.45 ft-lb/in). 

An excellent paper (37) compares the benefits of a fatty acid amide derivative used with talc-filled polypropylenes. The most effective additives and specific resins used are identified in Table 14.33. 

Fujiyama, M. and Wakino, T. (1991) Crystal orientation in injection molding of talc-filled polypropylene. /. Appl. Polymer Sci., 42, 9-20. 

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