Mono-material concept

Recycling more effective solutions are sought. The development of the mono-material concept is favourable to thermoplastics and self-reinforcing thermoplastic composites such as self-reinforced polypropylene (Curv from BP). 

Polyolefins are well adapted to the mono-material concept talc-filled polypropylene and LFRT for structural parts, foamed polyethylene and polypropylene for damping, polypropy-lene/EPDM alloys or copolymers for skins. Some other functions need incompatible polymers with specific characteristics such as optical properties. Without claiming to be exhaustive, the other thermoplastic materials are ... 

Summary In this chapter, a discussion of the viscoelastic properties of selected polymeric materials is performed. The basic concepts of viscoelasticity, dealing with the fact that polymers above glass-transition temperature exhibit high entropic elasticity, are described at beginner level. The analysis of stress-strain for some polymeric materials is shortly described. Dielectric and dynamic mechanical behavior of aliphatic, cyclic saturated and aromatic substituted poly(methacrylate)s is well explained. An interesting approach of the relaxational processes is presented under the experience of the authors in these polymeric systems. The viscoelastic behavior of poly(itaconate)s with mono- and disubstitutions and the effect of the substituents and the functional groups is extensively discussed. The behavior of viscoelastic behavior of different poly(thiocarbonate)s is also analyzed. 

Insoluble monolayers may also exist at water-air as well as water-oil interfaces. In general, a monolayer of the same material tends to be more expanded at the water-oil interface than at the water-air interface, and usually it is recognized that a condensed mono-layer forms at the water-air interface whereas it sometimes becomes gaseous at the water-oil interface. In summary, investigation of the basic principles of monolayer formation is a requisite in surface physical chemistry. We will start by defining the spreading concept in section 5.6.1, then explaining the experimental methods in section 5.6.2. 

The concept of containment as a method for dealing with contaminated ground is based on the use of low-permeability barriers to isolate the contaminated material, or any associated leachate or gaseous products, from the environment. The barriers can be constructed from natural or synthetic materials, or a combination of both, and can be placed over, under or around a contaminated area or pollution source. The technique can be used to isolate existing hazards such as a contamination source, to prevent the spread of contaminants from a disposal site such as landfill, or to isolate specially designed mono-disposal sites for contaminated soil. 

This concept of a size-dependent phase stability in polymorphic materials is addressed here by confronting this model and testing it against the well-characterised H-bonded compound L-glutamic acid (l-GA) which is a material with two mono-tropically related polymorphic modifications the metastable a-form that transforms into the stable p-form through a solvent-mediated transformation [66]. 

The nano science concept proposed the following (a) creation of a nanomaterials roadmap focused solely on well defined (i.e., >90% mono-disperse), (0-D) and (1-D) nanoscale materials (b) these well defined... 

A new concept in the field of sutures is the development of barbed material, which is a monofilament product that has micromechanically machined barbs on the surface. The presence of barbs, which are either mono- or bidirectionally oriented, allows sutures to be held in tissues without a... 

As a general rule, self-reinforced composites consist either of layers of highly-oriented thermoplastic textiles [4-7] or of a combination of self-reinforced textiles and a similar thermoplastic matrix material, which is added in the form of a film, powder or melt [1]. These are then hot-compacted to structurally consolidated mono-composites under pressure and temperature in a pressing process. For the most part, the fiber composite concept relies upon the embedding of stretched endless fibers or tapes made of PP into a chemically identical matrix. 

Recently, Brankovic et al. [20] have developed the deposition protocol which has been extensively used for synthesis of noble metal mono-layers and catalyst materials [21—26]. The basic steps describing the concept behind this new deposition protocol are illustrated in Fig. 1, [20]. The method is based on surface limited... 

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