Pipe, aluminum glass

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-linedsteel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-Ifned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40 Alloy 20 Sch. 5 FEP Teflon-lined steel PFA Teflon-lined steel Armored-glass pipe PTFE Teflon-lined steel Monel 400 Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 5 Alloy 20 Sch. 40 Monel 400 Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 5 Titanium Sch. 5 Nickel 200 Sch. 40 Titanium Sch. 40 Inconel 600 Sch. 40 Glass-lined steel Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 5 Hastelloy B Sch. 5 Zirconium Sch. 40 Hastelloy C-276 Sch. 40 Hastelloy B Sch. 40 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 5 Tantalum-lined steel Sch. 40... 

Carbon steel Sch. 40 Fiberglass reinforced polyester Fiberglass reinforced vinylester Glass pipe Aluminum Sch. 40 304 stainless steel Sch. 5 Saran-lined steel Polypropylene- lined steel Rubber-lined steel Sch. 40 316 stainless steel Sch. 5 304 stainless steel Sch. 40 Kynar-llned steel 316 stainless steel Sch. 40... 

The food industry uses stainless steel tubing or piping extensively for moving food products conventional steel, cast iron, copper, plastic, glass (qv), aluminum, and other alloys are used for utilities. 

ALkylamines are corrosive to copper, copper-containing alloys (brass), aluminum, 2inc, 2inc alloy, and galvani2ed surfaces. Aqueous solutions of aLkylamines slowly etch glass as a consequence of the basic properties of the amines in water. Carbon or stainless steel vessels and piping have been used satisfactorily for handling aLkylamines and, as noted above, some aLkylamines can act as corrosion inhibitors in boiler appHcations. 

Chlorosulfuric acid attacks brass, bronze, lead, and most other nonferrous metals. From a corrosion standpoint, carbon steel and cast Hon are acceptable below 35°C provided color and Hon content is not a concern. Stainless steels (300-series) and certain aluminum alloys are acceptable materials of constmction, as is HasteUoy. Glass, glass-lined steel, or Teflon-lined piping and equipment are the preferred materials at elevated temperatures and/or high velocities or where trace Hon contamination is a problem, such as in the synthetic detergent industry. 

Materials of Construction for Bulk Transport Because of the more severe service, construction materials for transportation usually are more restricted than for storage. Most large pipe lines are constructed of steel conforming to API Specification 5L or 5LX. Most tanks (cars, etc.) are built or pressure-vessel steels or AAR specification steels, with a few of aluminum or stainless steel. Carbon steel tanks may be hned with rubber, plastic, nickel, glass, or other materials. In many cases this is practic and cheaper than using a stainless-steel tank. Other materials for tank construction may be proposed and used if approved by the appropriate authorities (AAR and DOT). 

For the pure eduminum tests (99.0% minimum purity), two tests were run in initial experiments using a glass-sided water tank. Each spill was only 0.15 kg. Motion pictures indicated that most of the aluminum entered as an irregular blob. Steam bubbles formed about the metal and collapsed. No explosions were obtained. In other tests, with the steel-pipe water vessel. No. 6 blasting caps were detonated after the aluminum entered the water. (The caps were located in the center of the pipe at the same level as the pressure transducer.) The cap detonation fragmented the metal, but no explosions were obtained. 

Packed tower studies were made with a borosilicate glass column 4 inches in inside diameter packed with /4-inch ceramic Intalox saddles. The feed was metered through a rotameter from a constant-head tank, and distributed through the tower with a perforated aluminum plate. Aluminum tubing and polyethylene pipe were used to connect the ozone generator to the tower. A continuous sample was withdrawn from the tower bottom for analysis, and exit gas from the top of the tower was conducted to a wet-test meter for volume measurements. Ozone was absorbed in 5% potassium iodide solutions and titrated with thiosulfate to a starch end point. 

Thermal insulators comprise an equally broad range of materials. Such inorganics as mineral fibers, magnesia, aluminum silicate, cellulose, and glass fibers are widely used for steam and hot-water pipes, furnaces, and blown-in home insulation. Organic products that are effective include plastic foams (polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene) and cellular rubber. There are a number of materials that may be called double insulators, since they have both electrical and thermal insulating properties,... 

Figure 4.12 (a) Deposition of iron and aluminum particles in glass and brass tubes of different sizes with coatings of various types. A goal of this set of experiments was to vary the electrical and surface characteristics of the system. The dashed curves are theoretical calculations (Friedlander and Johnstone. 1957). (b) Deposition of monodisper.se olive oil droplets with particle diameters ranging from 1.4 to 21 in a 1/2" glass pipe at two different Reynolds numbers. (After Liu and Agarwai, 1974.)... 

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