Polyethylene terephthalate PET, Dacron

Linear polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron, Mylar), are heteropolymers with carbon and oxygen atoms in the polymer chain ... 

The first really successful artificial material used in the manufacture of synthetic blood vessels was Dacron , a polyester fiber made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The material is woven or knitted into thin tubes with dimensions similar to those of a natural blood vessel. The tubes are then treated with coagulated blood or with albumin, an important blood protein, to block the tiny holes in the fabric of which they are made. Over time, cells migrate into the blood or albumin trapped within the Dacron matrix and deposit collagen. As the blood or albumin degrades, it is replaced by the collagen, producing a vessel with some properties similar to those of natural blood vessels. 

Polyesters constitute a second major class of condensation polymers. The most common polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is sold under a variety of trade names (Dacron, Terylene, and Mylar) depending on its use. 

Polyesters are formed by step-growth polymerization using nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions, as we learned in Section 22.16B. For example, the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol forms polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polymer commonly used in plastic soda bottles. Polyethylene terephthalate is also sold as Dacron, a lightweight and durable material used in textile manufacturing. 

Unbreakable children s toys are often made of polyethylene, which is synthesized by polymerizing ethene under pressure. Two monomers react to form polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a versatile plastic that is used to make bottles and recording tape. When made into fiber, it is called Dacron. Polyethylene and PET, examples of polymers made by two types of reactions, are shown in Table 23-3. 

Thennoset polyesters, such as Glyptal, alkyds and glass reinforced unsaturated polyesters have been available for several decades but Injection moldable polyaryl esters are relatively new. Whinfield and Dickerson extruded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers (Dacron) in the 194O s. ( )pET was also extruded as film (Mylar) in the 1950 s but this polymer was not blow molded commercially until the 1970 s. 

Whinfield and Dixon, in UK, developed polyethylene terephthalate fibers (Dacron, Terylene). This first Dacron polyester plant went into operation in 1953. Easter interchange (also known as ester exchange or alcoholysis) was once the preferred method for making polyethylene terephthalate (PET) because... 

Polyethylene terephthalate PET -CHj-CHj-O-CO- -CO-O- Dacron, Eastapak, Hiloy, Impet, Kodapak,... 

Saturated Polyesters (PET, PBT) The most prominent polymer in this family is polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), developed in 1945 as a condensation product between terephthalic acid and glycol. This linear polyester is used as a fiber (Terylene or Dacron ) or a film (Mylar ), but its main utility lies in the domain of bottles for soft drinks. Polybutylene-terephthalate (PBT) has also been introduced as an engineering material in addition to textiles. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), known by the trade names Mylar, Dacron, and Terylene, has good mechanical strength up to 150-175°C as well as good chemical and solvent resistance. PET can be blended with cotton fiber to give better crease resistance, and it can also be used as tire cord, magnetic tape, and x-ray and photographic film, to name only a few applications. The structure is... 

Polyethylene terephthalate, PET, is a thermoplastic polyester made by condensation reaction of ethylene glycol with either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate (Margolis, 1985). By the end of the 1920s J.R. Whinfield and J.T. Dickson discovered PET (BP 578079). It was first commercialized by Du Pont in 1930 (Brydson, 1982) as Dacron , followed by ICI with Terylene Films and blow-molded articles have become very important commercially. 

The Stryker ligament is made of multilayers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyester (Dacron ). 

This polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), exhibits multiple ester linkages and is therefore called a polyester. PET is sold under many trade names, including Dacron and Mylar . It is primarily used in the manufacture of clothing. There are many different kinds of polyamides and polyesters, serving a variety of purposes. Kevlar, for example, is stronger than steel and is used in bulletproof vests ... 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer formed by the reaction of ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) and terephthalic acid. Because PET is lightweight and impervious to air and moisture, it is commonly used for transparent soft drink containers. PET is also used to produce synthetic fibers, sold under the trade name of Dacron. Of the six most common synthetic polymers, PET is the most easily recycled, in part because beverage bottles that bear the recycling code "1" are composed almost entirely of PET. Recycled polyethylene terephthalate is used for fleece clothing and carpeting. In Chapter 30, we learn about the preparation and properties of synthetic polymers like polyethylene terephthalate. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a polymer that has been extensively used in cardiovascular implements and patches for multiple decades, ever since its introduction in England in 1939, followed by the development of its fiber form by DuPont in 1950. Sold in the United States under the brand name Dacron, PET is a thermoplastic polyester polymer resin used in the textile industry in the design of synthetic fabrics [9]. PET is composed of alternating chains of glycol and terephthalic acid. 

Perhaps the most important polyester is polyethylene terephthalate), commonly known as PET (or PETE 1 on plastic beverage bottles). The annual production of PET in the United States is of the order of 108 kg (105 metric tons). Much of this is converted into fabric (trade name, Dacron) or magnetically coated film (Mylar). 

Both terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) are used exclusively for the manufacture of polyesters for textile fibers (e.g,. Dacron ), films, soft-drink bottles, and engineering resins for automotive applications. The glycol used for most TPA-based polyesters is ethylene glycol. The polyester is then known as polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. 

Chemically, Dacron and Mylar are polymers made from a ring structure called dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol (HO-CH2CH2-OH). The polymer unit is called polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. Dacron fiber is used in tires and fabrics, and is even used to repair blood vessels. Mylar is used in magnetic recording tape. In the 1960s, it was used in huge balloons that were sent into orbit around Earth. Plastic soda containers are made of PET. 

Polyesters Right now, you are probably using at least five things that are made from polyesters. Your clothes probably have some Dacron polyester fiber in them, and they are almost certainly sewn with Dacron thread. Ancient computers used floppy disks made of Mylar , and the optical film in your DVD is made of Mylar . Some of the electronics in your cell phone are probably potted (covered and insulated from shock) in Glyptal polyester resin. The soft drink in your hand probably came in a plastic bottle that was blow-molded from polyethylene terephthalate) resin, better known as PET. 

Polyethylene terephthalate) in short PET is a polyester. It is mainly used in the garment industry with or without natural cotton and has trade names such as Terylene , Dacron , etc. As the name indicates, it is a polymer between terephthalic acid (PT) and ethylene glycol. Both terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) can be used to make the polymer. A majority of the modem plants tend to use PT as the starting material because of the availability of high-purity PT on a large scale. Both PT and DMT are first converted to bis(hydroxy ethyl) terephthalate 8.17 (see reaction 8.26). For PT this is effected by a straightforward esterification reaction. For DMT a transesterification reaction catalyzed by zinc and manganese acetate is used. 

Polyester fibers, similar to polyamide fibers, represent another important family of fiber. Polyester fiber was discovered in England in 1941 and commercialized in 1950. Two common trade names of polyester are Dacron in the US and Terylene in the UK. The term polyester fiber represents a family of fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate. Dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst, antimony oxide, to produce polyethylene terephthalate or polyester. The chain repeat structure of PET is given in Fig. 4.6. Although polyesters can be both thermosetting and thermoplastic, the term polyester has become synonymous with PET. Note that the PET chain structure is different from the simpler structure of nylon or polyethylene. In PET, the aromatic ring and its associated C-C bonds provide a rigidity to the structure. The polyester structure is also bulkier than that of nylon or polyethylene. These factors make polyester less flexible than nylon and polyethylene, and the crystallization rate of PET slower than that of nylon or polyethylene. Thus, when polyester is cooled from the melt, an appreciable amount of crystallization does not result. 

In 1926, United States-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. initiated research in the field of very large molecules and synthetic fibers. This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers, concentrated on polymer which became nylon, the first synthetic fiber. Soon after, in the years 1939 1, John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson, employees of the Calico Printer s Association of Manchester, patented "polyethylene terephthalate" (also called PET or PETE) in 1941. Polyethylene terephthalate is the basis of synthetic fibers such as polyester, dacron, and terylene. In 1946, du Pont purchased the right to produce this polyester fiber in the United States. The company conducted some further developmental work, and in 1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron. Dupont s polyester research led to a whole range of trade-marked products, such as Mylar (1952), which is an extraordinarily strong polyester (PET) film, and others. 

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