Polyesters Dacron

Some amino resins are used as additives to modify the properties of other materials. For example, a small amount of amino resin added to textile fabric imparts the familiar wash-and-wear quaUties to shirts and dresses. Automobile tires are strengthened by amino resins which improve the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). A racing sailboat may have a better chance to win because the sails of Dacron polyester have been treated with an amino resin (1). Amino resins can improve the strength of paper even when it is wet. Molding compounds based on amino resins are used for parts of electrical devices, botde and jar caps, molded plastic dinnerware, and buttons. 

M. C. Keen and R. J. Thomas, "Absorption Properties of Latyl Disperse Dyes on AppHcation to Dacron Polyester Fibers," Eyes and Chemicals Technical Bulletin, E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc., Organic Chemicals Dept., Wilmington, Del., 1992. 

With a record of wartime successes, plastics were readily embraced in the postwar years. In the 1950s, Dacron polyester was introduced as a substitute for wool. Also, the 1950s was the decade during which the entrepreneur Earl Tup-per created a line of polyethylene food containers known asTupperware. 

Bonzon, N., Lefebvre, F., Ferre, N., Daculsi, G., and Rabaud, M. (1995). New bioactivation mode for vascular prostheses made of Dacron polyester. Biomaterials 16, 747-751. 

Many molecules contain more than one function group (either the same or different). In such cases, condensation reactions involving two or more groups per molecule can lead to the formation of polymers, as mentioned above in the formation of proteins from amino acids (—NH2 and —COOH groups). From the standpoint of terminology, the unit or units that are joined together to produce a polymer are monomers with multiple units possible (dimer, trimer, etc.). An example of a man-made polymer involves the synthesis of polyester fiber, such as Dacron polyester on which the textile industry depends. 

Market. Reproduced by permission p. 92 Carpet trader in Sarajevo. Photograph. David Reed/Corbis. Reproduced by permission p. 94 Dacron polyester fibers, photograph. 

By that time, W. R. Remington and I were once again separated this time my new leader was Dr. Albert Bauer, with whom I had worked at Orchem some 25 years earlier. Then, Robert Terss, Al, and I were a three-man team, which was, to identify new classes of dyes for acid-modified Dacron polyester fiber. After that work, he was transferred to a position in the Freon business. He now was transferred back to the Orchem Research Division to impart some of the wisdom that he had accumulated in that field to another business area. Bauer and I wrote several proposals for work to be undertaken by me on behalf of the Photo Products Department and submitted these to Botsolas. We set a low price tag of 25,000 on each proposal. We rationalized that this was a bargain for the Photo Products Department, but then, the Organic Chemicals Department would gain potential new business manufacturing the chemicals. 

Like amides, esters are common both in nature and in the chemical industry. Animal fats and vegetable oils are mixtures of esters, as are waxy materials such as beeswax and spermaceti. Plants often synthesize esters that give the characteristic tastes and odors to their fruits and flowers. In addition to making synthetic esters for flavors, odors, and lubricants, chemists have made synthetic polyesters such as Dacron polyester fiber used in clothing and Mylar polyester film used in magnetic recording tapes. 

Polyesters Right now, you are probably using at least five things that are made from polyesters. Your clothes probably have some Dacron polyester fiber in them, and they are almost certainly sewn with Dacron thread. Ancient computers used floppy disks made of Mylar , and the optical film in your DVD is made of Mylar . Some of the electronics in your cell phone are probably potted (covered and insulated from shock) in Glyptal polyester resin. The soft drink in your hand probably came in a plastic bottle that was blow-molded from polyethylene terephthalate) resin, better known as PET. 

In a step-growth polymerization, any two monomers having the correct functionality can react with each other, or two polymer chains can combine. Most step-growth polymers are condensation polymers, bonded by some kind of condensation (bond formation with loss of a small molecule) between the monomers or the polymer segments. The most common condensations involve the formation of amides and esters. Dacron polyester is an example of a step-growth condensation polymer. 

Polyester. Polyester is made by the polymerization reaction of a diol and a diester. The main commercial polymer is formed by a condensation reaction using ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Fibers are formed by meltspinning. Commercially introduced in 1953 by the DuPont Company as Dacron, polyester fibers have high strength, and very low moisture absorbance. The fiber is usually spun with a round cross section. Polyester is the most-used synthetic fiber around the world. 

Dacron Polyester Strong, easy to dye, shrink-resistant Permanent-press fabrics, rope, sails, thread... 

Latyl [Du Pont], TM for a group of disperse dyes developed particularly for coloration of Dacron polyester fiber, on which they have exceptionally good light- and wetfastness properties. 

Condensation reactions are also used in the manufacture of Dacron (polyester)... 

FIGURE 6 Diagram of the arteriovenous shunt system used to study platelet deposition at a Dacron (polyester) graft in a baboon model. 

Polyethylene terq>hthalate is used in the manufacture of Dacron polyester fiber, Mylar polyester film, and Cronar photographic film base in the United States. In Canada, England, and some European countries, the commercial articles are called Terylene. In Germany, the film is called Hostaphan. Total capacity for producing polymer and its products in this country is in excess of SO anillion lb per year. 

In England and Canada and several European countries, polyethylene terephthalate fibers are sold under the name Terylene. In England the film is called Melinex, in Germany, Hostaphan. In the United States the products are trade-marked and marketed as Dacron polyester fiber. Mylar polyester film, or Cronar photographic film base. 

During the war years earnings per share had declined from the prewar level. Once the war was over, technical efforts were directed toward reversing this trend. Two important fibers were introduced, Orion acryhc (1948) and Dacron polyester (1950). In 1949 Du Pont became the first chemical company with sales greater than 1,000,000,000. 

Potential exposure to skin protected by cotton coveralls was measured with pads measuring 49 cm made of an outer layer of seven-ounce 65 percent dacron polyester, 35 percent cotton twill, and an inner layer of 100 percent cotton gauze backed by aluminum foil. The pesticide found on the gauze portion was assumed to simulate the amount which would penetrate the coverall material and reach the skin. 

Whinfield and Dixon, in UK, developed polyethylene terephthalate fibers (Dacron, Terylene). This first Dacron polyester plant went into operation in 1953. Easter interchange (also known as ester exchange or alcoholysis) was once the preferred method for making polyethylene terephthalate (PET) because... 

---