Resins engineering

Engineering resins offer exceptional strength and durability in demanding lab applications. For specific uses, they are superior to the polyolefins. Typical products are centrifuge ware, filterware, and safety shields. 

The following are a list of commonly used engineering resins used in the lab  

The most widely used emulsion based additives are the all-acrylic or MBS coreshell polymers. Methacrylate-based shell compositions are generally not highly miscible with the various engineering resin compositions, creating a challenge for proper impact modifier dispersion and adhesion. Common approaches to this problem 

Common examples of toughened engineering resins include polycarbonate and polyesters. Unlike most other engineering resins, polycarbonate has some miscibiH-ty with PM MA, and traditional core-shell modifiers can significantly enhance the impact performance (Fig. 14-12). 

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) has poor affinity for traditional shell compositions, but the use of hydroxy-containing compositions can aid in allowing the use of core-shell type additives for effective toughening [134] (Fig. 14-13). 

Transparent PET applications require index refraction matching, imposing another constraint on the design of these emulsion additives [134, 135]. In the case of PET, the additive systems also compete with PETG, available from Eastman Chemical, which is an inherently tougher resin created by copolymerizing PET and cyclohexa-nedimethanol [2]. 

PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) is traditionally toughened using ABS resins, which may be emulsion-based. Core-shell emulsion polymers, which can be compat-ibilized with PBT through the use of GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), can be used at levels from 10 to 30 % to efbciently increase impact resistance [2, 136, 137]. 

Nylon refers to polymers containing the amide, —C—NH—, grouping. Nylon 6 and nylon 66 are the most common nylons. They are very tough and wear resistant. 

Polycarbonates are condensation polymers made from phosgene and bisphenol A. They have high impact strength and are used in glazing, helmets, and appliance casings. 

Engineering resins are polymers that have outstanding physical properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, self-lubrication, weather resistance, etc. Generally, they are thermoplastics. They are gaining in importance in automobile manufacture as metal replacements to provide lighter weight cars. 

Nylon 66 is a condensation polymer made from adipic acid and iiexamethylenediamine. Nylon 6 is made by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam. 

The most common polyester fiber is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), prepared from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Acrylics 

---

AMNES - AMINES,AROMATIC - PHENYLENEDIAMINES] (Vol 2) -as engineering resins [ENGINEERING PLASTICS] (Vol 9)... 

Small amounts of polymer-grade terephthaHc acid and dimethyl terephthalate are used as polymer raw materials for a variety of appHcations, eg, adhesives and coatings. They are also used to make high performance polymers or engineering resins. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is itself an engineering resin, although one more widely used is poly (butylene) terephthalate, formed by reaction with 1,4-butanediol as the comonomer. 

The two polymers appear to be well balanced, and future competitive pressure will almost assuredly come not from each other, but rather from other polyamides and, even more likely, from other polymers, such as low cost polyolefins and polyesters or high performance engineering resins. 

A large number of hindered phenoHc antioxidants are based on the Michael addition of 2,6-di-/ f2 -butylphenol and methyl acrylate under basic catalysis to yield the hydrocinnamate which is a basic building block used in the production of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-/ f2 butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, [2082-79-3], tetrakis(methylene-3(3,5-di-/ f2 butyl-4-hydroxylphenyl)propionate)methane [6683-19-8], and many others (63,64). These hindered phenolic antioxidants are the most widely used primary stabilizers in the world and are used in polyolefins, synthetic and natural mbber, styrenics, vinyl polymers, and engineering resins. 2,6-Di-/ f2 -butylphenol is converted to a methylene isocyanate which is trimerized to a triazine derivative... 

The worldwide consumption of 2,6-dimethylphenol is difficult to estimate accurately because the majority is captively consumed (see Table 3). Growth rate for 2,6-dimethylphenol is directiy related to the growth of engineering resins, which is generally predicted to be above average. 

Phenolics are consumed at roughly half the volume of PVC, and all other plastics are consumed in low volume quantities, mosdy in single apphcation niches, unlike workhorse resins such as PVC, phenoHc, urea—melamine, and polyurethane. More expensive engineering resins have a very limited role in the building materials sector except where specific value-added properties for a premium are justified. Except for the potential role of recycled engineering plastics in certain appHcations, the competitive nature of this market and the emphasis placed on end use economics indicates that commodity plastics will continue to dominate in consumption. The apphcation content of each resin type is noted in Table 2. Comparative prices can be seen in Table 5. The most dynamic growth among important sector resins has been seen with phenoHc, acryUc, polyurethane, LLDPE/LDPE, PVC, and polystyrene. 

Fig. 1. Engineering resins cost vs annual volume (11) (HDT, °C) A, polyetheretherketone (288) B, polyamideimide (>270) C, polyarylether sulfone (170- >200) D, polyimide (190) E, amorphous nylons (124) F, poly(phenylene sulfide) (>260) G, polyarylates (170) H, crystalline nylons (90—220) I, polycarbonate (130) J, midrange poly(phenylene oxide) alloy (107—150) K, polyphthalate esters (180—260) and L, acetal resins (110—140).

Engineering resins can be combined with either other engineering resins or commodity resins. Some commercially successhil blends of engineering resins with other engineering resins include poly(butylene terephthalate)—poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate—poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonate—poly(ethylene terephthalate), polysulfone—poly (ethylene terephthalate), and poly(phenylene oxide)—nylon. Commercial blends of engineering resins with other resins include modified poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonate—ABS, polycarbonate—styrene maleic anhydride, poly(phenylene oxide)—polystyrene, and nylon—polyethylene. 

Currently, over 110,000 t/yr of engineering resin blends are consumed worldwide, primarily in the transportation, business-machine, hardware, electrical, and appHance industries. Annual growth is projected to be ca 17%/yr. New blends based on PC, terephthalate, and nylon resins are experiencing the greatest expansion (122). These projections could be surpassed if large-volume metal appHcations such as automotive panels are replaced by engineering resin blends which are currently being field-tested. 

Engineering-resin suppHers will work with manufacturers using computer-aided design, engineering, and manufacturing methods (129). The time between product conception and marketing should be dramatically reduced. 

Amoco TORLON Engineering Resins, Data Sheet Grade 7130, Code Numbei AT-14, Chicago, Bl., Eeb. 1982. 

This chapter discusses synthetic polymers based primarily on monomers produced from petroleum chemicals. The first section covers the synthesis of thermoplastics and engineering resins. The second part reviews thermosetting plastics and their uses. The third part discusses the chemistry of synthetic rubbers, including a brief review on thermoplastic elastomers, which are generally not used for tire production but to make other rubber products. The last section addresses synthetic fibers. 

The polycaprolactam waste is contacted with superheated steam in the absence of added catalyst at a temperature of about 250 to 400C and a pressure in the range of about 1.5 to 100 atm. and substantially less than the saturated vapour pressure of water at the temperature at which a caprolactam-containing vapour stream is formed. The resulting caprolactam may then be used in the production of engineered resins and fibres. 

CLOSED LOOP RECYCLING OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING RESINS... 

Both terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) are used exclusively for the manufacture of polyesters for textile fibers (e.g,. Dacron ), films, soft-drink bottles, and engineering resins for automotive applications. The glycol used for most TPA-based polyesters is ethylene glycol. The polyester is then known as polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. 

What properties of polycarbonate allow it to be classified as an engineering resin ... 

Engineering resins, 20 56 Engineering strain, 13 473, 482 Engineering stress, 13 473 Engineering surfaces, 15 204 Engineering system of dimensions,... 

---