Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs in water

An alternative way of eliminating water in the RPLC eluent is to introduce an SPE trapping column after the LC column (88, 99). After a post-column addition of water (to prevent breakthrough of the less retained compounds), the fraction that elutes from the RPLC column is trapped on to a short-column which is usually packed with polymeric sorbent. This system can use mobile phases containing salts, buffers or ion-pair reagents which can not be introduced directly into the GC unit. This system has been successfully applied, for example, to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples (99). 

Huckins, J.N. Petty, J.D. Orazio, C.E. Lebo, J.A. Clark, R.C. Gibson, V.L. Gala, W.R. Echols, K.R. 1999, Determination of uptake kinetics (sampling rates) by lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 3918-3923. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water Phloroglucinol and triisocyanate MEP-based sensors (QCM, SAW and optical transducers) 30 ng/L (ppt level) Dickert et al., 1999... 

International Standards Organisation (2002) Water quality - determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water by HPLC with fluorescence detection after liquid-liquid extraction, ISO 17993 2002. 

Heit, M. 1985. The relationship of a coal fired power plant to the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the sediment of Cayuga Lake. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 24 41-61. 

Fig. 8.19 Solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, lOmg/L) and Sunwannee River natural organic matter (NOM, lOmg/L) solution. C denotes increased solubility in SDS and NOM solutions and is the solubility in water. (Cho et al. 2002)...

HPLC analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in drinking water is one of the current and classical applications of fluorescence. In this case, the detector contains a fluorescence flow cell placed after the chromatographic column. This mode of detection is specifically adapted to obtain threshold measurements imposed by legislation. The same process allows the measurement of aflatoxins (Fig. 12.11) and many other organic compounds (such as adrenaline, quinine, steroids and vitamins). 

Kayal, S.I., Connell, D.W., 1989. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) preliminary results. Water Sci. Technol. 21, 161-165. 

In this chapter we shall discuss LCA in the context of protocols for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in surface water using two different extraction techniques,11 and the LCA of the utilization of different solvents.12-26 Generally speaking, this is the beginning of the use of LCA to assess the environmental impact of analytical protocols at the moment, there are not many papers on this subject, but this situation is sure to improve in the near future. 

The photodegradation of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pure water, in solutions of Suwannee River fulvic acid (5 mg L-1) and in natural waters under polychromatic light (X > 290 nm) was investigated [64],... 

The results for other conditions for polystyrene pyrolysis were reported. For example, pyrolysis on different catalysts was shown to lead to modifications of the yield of specific components in the pyrolysate. During the pyrolysis of PS on solid acid catalysts, the increase of contact time and surface acidity enhanced the production of ethylbenzene. Pyrolysis in the presence of water increases the yield of volatile products and that of monomer [30]. Studies on the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polystyrene pyrolysates also were reported [36]. It was demonstrated that the content in PAHs in polystyrene pyrolysates increases as the pyrolysis temperature increases. The analysis of the end groups in polystyrenes with polymerizable end groups (macromonomers) was reported using stepwise pyrolysis and on-line methylation [46]. 

The international, national, and state regulations and guidelines regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air. water, and other media are summarized in Table 7-1. 

Brown, J. N. and Peake, B. M., Determination of colloidally-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh water using solid phase extraction disks. Anal. Chim. Acta, 486, 159-169, 2003. 

For over half a century, numerous theories have been advanced in attempts to explain the relationship between the tumorigenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in treated laboratory animals and a variety of their structural properties, including such properties as their K-, F-, and bay-regions, electron distribution, bond orders, bond strengths, resonance, octanol-water partitioning, and the like (Figure I.E-1). 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in contrast, absorb light strongly in the solar UV region. Some of them, e.g., naphthalene, are much more photolabile in water than in organic solvents, although their solubility, of course, decreases dramatically as the number of rings increases. Mill et al. (1981) and Zepp and... 

Yang QS, Ou SY, Xie P, Mai BX, Fu JM, Sheng GY (2004b) Distribution and seasonal changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water from Humen tidal channel. Acta Oceanol Sin 26(6) 37-48 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Oasis HLB was successfully used for SPE and trace enrichment in the determination of phenols in water [300, 301], tetracycline, macro-lide, and sulfonamide antibiotics in aqueous media and agricultural soils [302—305], various pharmaceuticals in plasma and serum [306— 308], herbicides in natural waters [309-311], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plants [312], aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke [313], as well as many other types of compounds [314-319],... 

Knutzen J, Sortland B (1982) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in some algae and invertebrates from moderately polluted parts of the coast of Norway. Water Res 16 421-428 Kobayashi K (1985) The effect of the herbicide PCP on short-necked clams and the process of detoxification. In Okutani T, Tomiyama T, Hibiya T (eds) Fisheries in Japan. Bivalves. Jpn Mar Product Photo Material Assoc, pp 161-165... 

The distribution of trace organic compounds such as chlorobiphenyls (CBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater and marine particulate matter is determined by the complex influence of physical, biological and chemical processes. The interpretation of horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of these substances requires information on the corresponding characteristics of the water bodies, e.g., temperature, salinity, depth and the concentrations of nutrients and dissolved oxygen. 

Knutzen J, Sortland B (1982) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in some algae and invertebrates from moderately polluted parts of the coast of Norway. Water Res 16 421-428. 

Niimi AJ, Palazzo V (1986) Biological half-lives of eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Water Res 20 503-507. 

Case study 2 Estimate the residence time of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column of the Mediterranean. In this hypothetical scenario, PAHs sorbed to settling particles are the only removal process. Average water column... 

Although these issues have already been briefly noted, they deserve a few additional comments. For freely water-soluble substrates that have low volatility, there are few difficulties in carrying out the appropriate experiments described above. There is, however, increasing interest in xenobiotics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and highly chlorinated compounds including, for example, PCBs, which have only low water solubility. In addition, attention has been focused on volatile chlorinated aliphatic compounds such as the chloroethenes, dichloromethane, and carbon tetrachloride. All of these substrates present experimental difficulties of greater or lesser severity. 

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