Preliminary Results

The second application was checked in a feasibility study. The preliminary results show that segregations in Inconnel IN 718 can be detected within the volume. It can be assumed that segregations also in other type of material can be detected by this method. Several details, however, have to be checked before a routine use of this susceptibility based method. Among these details are to determine the susceptibility contrast of v ious segregations in various matrix materials as well as sizing and localisation procedures of the segrations. 

Wood W W and Jacobson J D 1957 Preliminary results from a recalculation of the Monte Carlo equation of state of hard spheres J. Chem. Phys. 27 1207-8... 

As examples of applications, we present the overall accuracy of predicted ionization constants for about 50 groups in 4 proteins, changes in the average charge of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor at pH 7 along a molecular dynamics trajectory, and finally, we discuss some preliminary results obtained for protein kinases and protein phosphatases. 

N. E. Bowne, R. J. Londergan, R. J. Minott, D. R. Murray, "Preliminary Results from the EPRI Plume Model VaUdafion Project— Plains Site,"... 

A novel interface to connect a ce system with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (icpms) detector has been developed (88). The interface was built using a direct injection nebulizer (din) system. The ce/din/icpms system was evaluated using samples containing selected alkah, alkaline earths, and heavy-metal ions, as well as selenium (Se(IV) and Se(VI)), and various inorganic and organic arsenic species. The preliminary results show that the system can be used to determine metal species at ppt to ppb level. 

One drawback of thrombolytic therapy is a high incidence of reocclusion. In a report using a canine model, inclusion of heparin [9005-49-6] (anticoagulant therapy) in the treatment prevented this side effect (158). The combination of aspirin [50-78-2] (antiplatelet therapy) and streptokinase (thrombolytic therapy) has also shown significant therapeutic advantages (78). Although additional work is needed to estabUsh the thrombolytic advantage of various combinations, preliminary results in this area indicate promise in terms of increased efficacy and reduced side effects. 

Electric Power Research InsHtute, "Preliminary Results from the EPRI Plume Model Validation Project—Plains Site." EPRI EA-1788, RP 1616. Palo Alto, CA. Interim Report. Prepared by TRC Environmental Consultants, 1981. 

In principle GD-MS is very well suited for analysis of layers, also, and all concepts developed for SNMS (Sect. 3.3) can be used to calculate the concentration-depth profile from the measured intensity-time profile by use of relative or absolute sensitivity factors [3.199]. So far, however, acceptance of this technique is hesitant compared with GD-OES. The main factors limiting wider acceptance are the greater cost of the instrument and the fact that no commercial ion source has yet been optimized for this purpose. The literature therefore contains only preliminary results from analysis of layers obtained with either modified sources of the commercial instrument [3.200, 3.201] or with homebuilt sources coupled to quadrupole [3.199], sector field [3.202], or time-of-flight instruments [3.203]. To summarize, the future success of GD-MS in this field of application strongly depends on the availability of commercial sources with adequate depth resolution comparable with that of GD-OES. 

The convective wave cycle was described in 5.2.4 but its heat transfer properties not quantified. Critoph and Thorpe [22] and Thorpe [23] have measured the convective heat transfer coefficient between flowing gas and the grains within the bed. Preliminary results imply that the pressure drop through the bed can be expressed by a modified Ergun equation ... 

The oxidation of alcohols by treatment of their corresponding chloroform-ates with DMSO and triethylamine has been reported by Barton. Preliminary results indicate this to be a useful method for preparation of aldehydes but cyclic secondary alcohols are converted to ketones in relatively low yields. 

A Statistical Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant (Pump and Valve) Failure Rale Variability me Preliminary Results Nuclear All IPRDS data base records for the pumps and valves selected for analysis The set of valves and pumps selected for analysis from the IPRDS data base 104. 

Failure Rate Variability Some Preliminary Results... 

Contaminated sludge Preliminary results estinuite 40 etmeers annually, mostly from ineineration and landfilling. 

From these preliminary results, we can assume that such enantiophore queries could be used to search in a database of compounds with unknown enantioselectiv-ities. With respect to the percentage of resolved samples that are retrieved in CHIRBASE, the resulting list should contain a similar yield of compounds providing favorable specific interactions with the CSP receptor binding sites. 

Thermodynamic information can also be obtained from simulations. Currently we are measuring the differences in chemical potential of various small molecules in dimethylimidazolium chloride. This involves gradually transforming one molecule into another and is a computationally intensive process. One preliminary result is that the difference in chemical potential of propane and dimethyl ether is about 17.5 kj/mol. These molecules are similar in size, but differ in their polarity. Not surprisingly, the polar ether is stabilized relative to the non-polar propane in the presence of the ionic liquid. One can also investigate the local arrangement of the ions around the solute and the contribution of different parts of the interaction to the energy. Thus, while both molecules have a favorable Lennard-Jones interaction with the cation, the main electrostatic interaction is that between the chloride ion and the ether molecule. 

The measurement of correlation times in molten salts and ionic liquids has recently been reviewed [11] (for more recent references refer to Carper et al. [12]). We have measured the spin-lattice relaxation rates l/Tj and nuclear Overhauser factors p in temperature ranges in and outside the extreme narrowing region for the neat ionic liquid [BMIM][PFg], in order to observe the temperature dependence of the spectral density. Subsequently, the models for the description of the reorientation-al dynamics introduced in the theoretical section (Section 4.5.3) were fitted to the experimental relaxation data. The nuclei of the aliphatic chains can be assumed to relax only through the dipolar mechanism. This is in contrast to the aromatic nuclei, which can also relax to some extent through the chemical-shift anisotropy mechanism. The latter mechanism has to be taken into account to fit the models to the experimental relaxation data (cf [1] or [3] for more details). Preliminary results are shown in Figures 4.5-1 and 4.5-2, together with the curves for the fitted functions. 

These results are quite interesting. The initial stages of Al deposition result in nanosized deposits. Indeed, from the STM studies we recently succeeded in making bulk deposits of nanosized Al with special bath compositions and special electrochemical techniques [10]. Moreover, the preliminary results on tip-induced nanostructuring show that nanosized modifications of electrodes by less noble elements are possible in ionic liquids, thus opening access to new structures that cannot be made in aqueous media. 

Preliminary results for baddeleyite phase indicate that it is very close in energy to columbite but at P=0 its volume is 8% smaller than that of the columbite structure. The predicted structure for this monoclinic phase at 0 GPa is a=4.7901 A, b=4.9151 A,... 

For specific final performance sizing of a distillation column using Norton s Intalox structured packing the designer is referred to the manufacturer s technical representatives, and should not assume the preliminary results obtained from any manufacturer s bulletin included here will necessarily serve as a final design. As a preliminary examination of a design problem (used by permission of Norton Chemical Process Products) ... 

Also, see Figure 5-9 for a graphical representation of the preliminary results. 

L5. Lee, D. H., and Obertelli, J. D., An experimental investigation of forced convection burn-out in high pressure water. 2. Preliminary results for round tubes with non-uniform axial heat flux distribution, AEEW-R309 (1963). 

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