Additional Comments

Presented in this section is a very brief overview of the calculation of single-phase fluid flow in pipelines. The reader is referred to one of the many textbooks available on the subject, for example, De Nevers (1970) or Denn (1980). 

The required fluid properties, notably the density and the viscosity, for the acid gas mixtures can be estimated using the techniques presented in Chapter 2. 

Answer Convert from standard cubic meters to molar flow rate  

Convert to actual volumetric flow. The actual inner diameter of 2-in schedule 80 pipe is 1.939 in or 49.25 mm. Further assume that the properties of liquid HjS are independent of the pressure and can be taken from table 2.4. 

This is in the turbulent regime. Estimate the friction factor using the Blasius equation  

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All of these trends can be accommodated by the orbital hybridization model The bond angles are characteristic for the sp sp and sp hybridization states of carbon and don t require additional comment The bond distances bond strengths and acidities are related to the s character m the orbitals used for bonding s Character is a simple concept being nothing more than the percentage of the hybrid orbital contributed by an s orbital Thus an sp orbital has one quarter s character and three quarters p an sp orbital has one third s and two thirds p and an sp orbital one half s and one half p We then use this information to analyze how various qualities of the hybrid orbital reflect those of its s and p contributors... 

There are several additional comments regarding Eq. (8.49) which should be noted ... 

Our primary objective in this section is the discussion of practical osmometry, particularly with the goal of determining the molecular weight of a polymeric solute. We shall be concerned, therefore, with the design and operation of osmometers, with the question of units, and with circumventing the problem of nonideality. The key to these points is contained in the last section, but the details deserve additional comment. 

This result, called the Clausius-Mosotti equation, gives the relationship between the relative dielectric constant of a substance and its polarizability, and thus enables us to express the latter in terms of measurable quantities. The following additional comments will connect these ideas with the electric field associated with electromagnetic radiation ... 

Thus we have finally established how light scattering can be used to measure the molecular weight of a solute. The concentration dependence of r enters Eq. (10.54) through an expression for osmotic pressure, and this surprising connection deserves some additional comments ... 

Method Product size (mm) Granule density Scale of operation Additional comments Tyj)ical applications... 

For each topic item, check one (Y) Yes, (N) No and add any comments. Attach additional comment pages if necessary. 

Test iastrumentation has been touched on, but a few additional comments are appropriate at this point. The code provides guidance test arrangements and instrumentation. It includes details on sensor point location as well as pressure tap construction. Flow measurement is defined in detail. 

As in previous theoretical studies of the bulk dispersions of hard spheres we observe in Fig. 1(a) that the PMF exhibits oscillations that develop with increasing solvent density. The phase of the oscillations shifts to smaller intercolloidal separations with augmenting solvent density. Depletion-type attraction is observed close to the contact of two colloids. The structural barrier in the PMF for solvent-separated colloids, at the solvent densities in question, is not at cr /2 but at a larger distance between colloids. These general trends are well known in the theory of colloidal systems and do not require additional comments. 

For each application, the LC and GC conditions are listed, together with the type of interface used, and some additional comments on the technique employed and the detection method. 

Corrosion behaviour of the above-listed forms of tin can be considered as being basically similar, except in the case of solders and bearing metals, where the wide composition range and special duties of the materials necessitate additional comment. The behaviour of massive tin is a guide to the performance of coatings (Section 13.5). 

We make four additional comments about figure 6.2-a ... 

We make two additional comments. First, notice that when u 0, the momentum flux density tensor reduces to the diagonal term p5ij, where the pressure p = Cgp and Cg is the speed of sound. We thus conclude that the speed of sound in the FHP-I LG is given by... 

We make three additional comments concerning algorithmic complexity, as defined by equation 12.9. First, while Ku(s) clearly depends on the universal computer [/ that is chosen to run the program V, because of the ability of universal computers to simulate one another, the difference between algorithmic complexities computed for universal computers U and U2 will be bounded by the 0 ) size of the prefix code allowing any program V that is executed on U to be executed... 

The expectation symbol E obeys the same rules of manipulation, Eq. (3-40), as in the one-dimensional case. The only additional comment needed here is that the addition rule holds even when the two random variables concerned are defined with respect to different sets of r s. The proof of this fact is immediate when the various expectations involved are written as time averages. 

The data from Beckwith s work given in Table 10-9 look very confusing but, as discussed in the four papers by Beckwith s group (see footnote a) in Table 10-9) and in additional comments in Galli s review (1988), they can all be explained on the basis of our present knowledge of aryl radical chemistry, with the exception of the endo cyclization of the 2-(7V-2,-propenylsulfamoyl)-benzenediazonium ion in Scheme 10-81. 

Although these issues have already been briefly noted, they deserve a few additional comments. For freely water-soluble substrates that have low volatility, there are few difficulties in carrying out the appropriate experiments described above. There is, however, increasing interest in xenobiotics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and highly chlorinated compounds including, for example, PCBs, which have only low water solubility. In addition, attention has been focused on volatile chlorinated aliphatic compounds such as the chloroethenes, dichloromethane, and carbon tetrachloride. All of these substrates present experimental difficulties of greater or lesser severity. 

Essential aspects of the aerobic degradation of alkanols have already been covered in the context of the degradation of alkanes. Only one additional comment is added the initial reactions involved... 

Brief notes are added on phosphorofluoridates even though their destruction by microbial activity— though clearly possible—is limited by their toxicity to the requisite microorganisms. One of the motivations for their inclusion is the fact that the hydrolytic enzyme(s) responsible for defluorination—organophosphorus acid anhydrase (OPA)—is widespread, and is found in a number of bacteria (Landis and DeFrank 1990). The microbial hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides and cholinesterase inhibitors is accomplished by several distinct enzymes, which are collectively termed organophosphorus acid anhydrases (OPAs). These have been reviewed (DeFrank 1991), so that only a few additional comments are necessary. 

From well construction record Additional Comments ... 

Sample I.D. No. of Samples Sample Date Additional Comments/Condition upon Receipt at Lab Laboratory I.D. 

A. Peptidic inhibitors Class Cpd. Ki (nMf MIC (pg/mL) Additional comments Reference... 

One term in the above equation needs some additional comments, namely Vxc, the potential due to the exchange-correlation energy Exc. Since we do not know how this energy should be expressed, we of course also have no clue as to the explicit form of the corre-... 

Finally, one additional comment concerning the nature of progress from interdisciplinary research is evident from the results reported in this Symposium Volume. Once again it is seen that most rapid progress is made when synthetic chemists collaborate with their colleagues in materials science or physics to determine properties of new inorganic and organometallic polymers. 

May I make this additional comment I deplore somewhat the comments which have been occasioned here, and it would seem such matters should be passed upon in an official way rather than different members being called upon to express their personal reaction. 

Additional Comments Regarding the Ruthenium Carbonyl-Tri-methylamine WGSR System. A potential mechanistic pathway for a WGSR system involves the production of formate, followed by its catalytic decomposition ... 

Some additional comments regarding Equation 4 are in order. The factor 143.88 converts the units to kcal/mol. There are two additional constants. The first is ks, which is the stretching force constant parameter in units of md A 1. The second constant is cs, which is the cubic term with a unitless value of 2.55. When a Morse potential is expanded in a power series, the factor 7/12 is obtained. 

Some proposed arsenic criteria merit additional comment, such as those on aquatic life protection, levels in seafoods and drinking water, and use in food-producing animals as growth stimulants or for disease prevention and treatment. 

The catalyst-substrate complexes deserve some additional comments. The two possible diastereomers for C2-symmetrical diphosphines interconvert inter- and intramolecularly, the latter being the dominant mechanism [76] (Scheme 1.22). A second property - at least of some catalyst-substrate complexes - is that the reactivity of the minor diastereomer toward H2 is notably higher than that of the major diastereomer. 

The intermolecular Heck reaction of halopyridines provides an alternative route to functionalized pyridines, circumventing the functional group compatibility problems encountered in other methods. 3-Bromopyridine has often been used as a substrate for the Heck reaction [124-126]. For example, ketone 155 was obtained from the Heck reaction of 3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-chloropyridine (153) with allylic alcohol 154 [125]. The mechanism for such a synthetically useful coupling warrants additional comments oxidative addition of 3-bromopyridine 153 to Pd(0) proceeds as usual to give the palladium intermediate 156. Subsequent insertion of allylic alcohol 154 to 156 gives intermediate 157. Reductive elimination of 157 gives enol 158, which then isomerizes to afford ketone 155 as the ultimate product This tactic is frequently used in the synthesis of ketones from allylic alcohols. 

An additional comment with regard to Eqs (33) and (34) is worth making. These equations are not exact because in addition to the neglect of the interaction contribution of the neutral X system with the polarizable environment, there are the variational errors 8a and Sx associated with the expectation values EA and Ex, respectively. Since we are interested in the energy difference AE = Ea - Ex and because the error 8a and 8x are... 

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