Organic compounds, trace

Most organic compounds occur at extremely low concentrations in seawater. Their determination involves an extraction/sorption step to increase their concentration levels to the sensitivity range of instrumental analytical methods. Compared with other groups of analytes, the risk of adsorptive losses is most important for trace organic compounds. Hierefore, techniques are preferable which involve direct extraction within the sampler or in situ enrichment onto solid adsorbents. Using very large samplers with a comparably high ratio between volume and internal sampler surface, adsorption losses can be minimized but never excluded entirely. 

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Ligocki MP, Leuenberger C, Pankow JF. 1985. Trace organic compounds in rain. II. Gas scavenging of neutral organic compounds. Atmos Environ 19 1609-1617. 

COMPARISON OP REPRESENTATIVE METHODS FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF TRACE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN HATER... 

Suffet IH, Brenner L, Radziul JV. 1980. GC/MS identification of trace organic compounds in Philadelphia waters during a 2-year period. Water Research 14 853-867. 

Trace organic compounds and dissolved solids from the quench water entrained in the steam plume rising from the tower... 

Pankow, J.F., Isabelle, L.M., Asher, W.E. (1984) Trace organic compounds in rain. 1. Sample design and analysis by adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD). Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 310-318. 

The fate of trace organic compounds applied to soil is controlled by several processes volatilization, degradation, sorption, leaching and bioaccumulation. The significance of each process is affected by the physicochemical properties of the organic compound, sludge and soil properties, and environmental conditions. 

Leuenberger, C., Ligocki, M.P., and Pankow, J.F. Trace organic compounds in rain. 4. Identities, concentrations, and scavenging mechanisms for phenols in urban air and rain. Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 19(11) 1053-1058, 1985a. 

Kneip, T. J., M. Lippmann, F. Mukai and J. M. Daisey. 1980. Trace Organic Compounds in the New York City Atmpsohere. Final Report on RP-1222 to the Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Ca. In preparation. 

Jungclaus GA, Games LM, Hites RA. 1976. Identification of trace organic compounds in tire manufacturing plant wastewaters. Anal Chem 48 1894-1896. 

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Trace Organic Compounds in Aqueous Environmental Samples... 

A review of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) instrumentation, techniques, and methodologies for the determination of trace organic compounds in water is presented. The review includes approaches to sample cleanup or analyte isolation for those compounds likely to be candidates for analysis by HPLC. Column technology, as it contributes to the use of HPLC for trace organic analyses, is discussed. Finally, various techniques for quantitative and qualitative detection of analytes are discussed. 

GRAHAM HPLC Determination of Trace Organic Compounds... 

Graham and Garrison (17) evaluated on-line trace enrichment for the determination of trace organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples. These workers were primarily interested in nonvolatile and thermally labile compounds that were not readily analyzed by GC methodology. A 2-mm i.d. X 70-mm long stainless steel precolumn was packed with 30-75 pm diameter octadecyl-derivatized silica. This precolumn was substituted for the sample loop in a conventional, high-pressure, six-port valve. Water samples, 10-100 mL, were pumped directly on the precolumn. After loading, the valve was switched to... 

In the past 5 years the frequency of reports on the use of HPLC technology for the determination of trace organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples has been steadily increasing. Many innovative approaches to sample cleanup and analyte isolation have been reported. Reversed-phase separation, with its many mobile-phase adaptations, has been and continues to be the most popular HPLC separation mode. The development of fast columns and microbore columns should provide optimal configurations for particular applications. The operating characteristics of microbore columns also make... 

An attempt has been made to survey the current status of technology in HPLC as it applies to the analysis of trace organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples. No doubt, some developments relative to this topic have been overlooked, but the overall assessment should provide a glimpse of what has been done and also of what is possible. 

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