Phosphatase activity and

Further indications for an additional subunit were provided by a crosslinking analysis of C Eg solubilized H,K-ATPase, which exhibited ATPase and phosphatase activities, and ligand affinities comparable to the native enzyme [70]. Glutar-aldehyde treatment of soluble protein fractions resolved on a linear glycerol gradient revealed no active fraction enriched in monomeric (A/p = 94 kDa) H,K-ATPase. Instead, K -ATPase activity was only obtained in fractions enriched in particles of Mr = 175 kDa. This size also suggested that the functional H,K-ATPase unit is a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and an additional subunit, since the apparent molecular mass of 175 kDa is probably too small to be a homodimer of the catalytic subunit. 

B.-M. Finsching and N. Claassen, Root phosphatase activity and. soil organic phosphorus utilization by norway spruce [Pieea ahies (L.) Karst.]. Soil Biol. Bioehem. 28 4 1 (1996). 

T. R. Fox and N. B. Comerford, Rhizosphere phosphatase activity and phosphatase hydrolyzable organic phosphorus in two forested Spodosols. Soil Biol. Bioehem. 24 579 (1992). 

Nadiv O, Shinitzky M, Manu H, Hecht D, Roberts CT Jr, LeRoith D, Zick Y (1994) Elevated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and increased membrane viscosity are associated with impaired activation of the insulin receptor kinase in old rats. Biochem J 298(Pt 2) 443 150... 

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) fed a low-zinc diet (2.2 mg Zn/kg DW diet) for 50 days, when compared to those fed a zinc-adequate diet (33 mg Zn/kg DW diet), excreted less zinc (<4 mg daily vs. 23 to 25), consumed less food (409 g daily vs. 898), and had lower plasma zinc concentrations (0.18 mg/L vs. 0.53 to 0.58) a reduction in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in plasma zinc binding capacity were also noted (Khandaker and Telfer 1990). Sensitive indicators of zinc deficiency in lambs include significant reductions in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma zinc concentrations signs were clearly evident in lambs fed 10.8 mg Zn/kg DW diet for 50 to 180 days (Vergnes et al. 1990). A normal diet for lambs contains 124 to 130 mg Zn/kg DW ration vs. 33 for adults (Vergnes et al. 1990). One recommended treatment for zinc-deficient sheep is ruminal insertion of zinc-containing boluses every 40 days bolus zinc release is about 107 mg daily (Khandaker and Telfer 1990). 

Increased phosphatase activities and P concentration in Erica multiflora, decreased litter P, soil extractable P and total P in soil No effect on phosphatase activities, plant P concentrations, or N/P ratios Increased microbial P mineralization with... 

Sardans J, Penuelas J, Estiarte M (2006) Warming and drought alter soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability in a Mediterranean shrubland. Plant Soil 289 227-238. doi http //dx.doi. org/10.1007/s 11104-006-9131-2... 

Di-tt-octylphthalate has been shown to be a mild liver toxin at high doses in acute- and intermediate-duration studies in rodents. While the mechanism of action for these hepatic effects is not known, di-w-octylphthalate does not appear to behave like other phthalate esters such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, which have been shown to be hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators. Instead, the liver changes associated with exposure to di- -octylphthalate are characterized by marked centrilobular accumulation of fat and loss of glycogen, accompanied by reduced glucose-6-phosphatase activity and some centrilobular necrosis. 

Serum alkaline phosphatase elevations have been reported following administration of salt-poor albumin (B5). Placenta is very rich in a heat-stable alkaline phosphatase, and albumin prepared from placental blood has a high activity of this enzyme. In one cirrhotic patient who received 1-6 units per day of albumin obtained from pooled human blood and/or human placenta, the alkaline phosphatase before infusion was 5 Bodansky units and by the thirteenth day of administration had reached a value of 160 units. The physician administering the albumin at first thought the patient was having a severe toxic liver reaction and stopped the therapy. The alkaline phosphatase then started to go down and within 10 days returned to normal levels. Analysis of the albumin indicated that it contained 470 units of alkaline phosphatase activity and was probably responsible for the observed elevations in the serum enzyme activity. Albumin prepared from venous blood did not cause an alkaline phosphatase elevation, but placenta-albumin caused elevations with a half-life of about 8 days (Ml). 

Testicular effects were also investigated after oral administration of 2000 mg/kg bw di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for seven consecutive days to 13-week-old male Wistar rats (Saxena et al., 1985). Degeneration was observed in about 40% of the seminiferous tubules. Loss of succinic dehydrogenase, NADH-diaphorase and acid phosphatase activity and increases in adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed in treated rats. 

Treatment of male Charles-Foster rats with sublethal doses of xylene (0.2 mL of 5 mmol/L extra-pure xylene solution on alternate days for 30 days isomeric composition not indicated) resulted in slight increases of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and bilirubin concentration (Rana Kumar, 1993). A slight increase in alanine aminotransferase activity was also observed after a 3.5-week treatment of male Wistar rats with zneto-xylene (800 mg/kg bw per day on five days per week, by gavage) (Elovaara et al., 1989). Inhalation exposure of C3H/HeJ mice to /jora-xylenc (1200 ppm [5200 mg/m ], 6 h per day for four days) did not affect the serum alanine or aspartate aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase activities, or bilirubin level (Selgrade et al., 1993). 

When unfixed cells or frozen sections are used for ELISA, it may be necessary to block endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity, and in this case, include 0.1 mil/ levamisole in the substrate solution. 

Roche, J., Collet, J. and Mourgue, M. (1940). Phosphatase activity and the growth of dermal bones (scales) in fish (Selachii and Teleostei). Enzymologia 8,257-260. 

Parsons JN, Wiederrecht GJ, Salowe S, et al. Regulation of calcineurin phosphatase activity and interaction with the FK-506.FK-506 binding protein complex. J Biol Chem 1994 269(30) 19610-19616. 

DOP phosphorus is often present in concentrations up to an order of magnitude higher than DIP in oligotrophic regimes (Karl et al., 2002). There is good evidence that phytoplankton in these areas rely heavdy on DOP to support growth (Jackson and WiUiams, 1985 Li et al., 1998) this literature is reviewed for Trichodesmium below. Alkahne phosphatase activity measurements are frequently used to detect DOP utihzation in natural communities (MulhoUand et al., 2002 Stihl et al., 2001 Yentsch et al., 1972). For instance, there is a strong correlation between alkahne phosphatase activity and Synechococcus abundance in the Red Sea (Li et al., 1998). 

Kobori H. and Taga N. (1979) Phosphatase activity and its role in the mineraUzation of phosphorus in coastal seawater. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 36, 23-39. 

The values for the normal leukocyte acid phosphatase activity and the normal isoenzyme pattern will be described in connection with the alteration of these in various hematologic and hematopoietic disorders. 

The acid phosphatase appeared to be associated in the saclike structure with other hydrolytic enzymes, such as 3-glucuronidase and cathepsin, which also acted optimally at acid pH levels. Further studies were undertaken to isolate this structure (A13, G2). By means of a differential centrifugation procedure which will be described in detail later, de Duve and his associates (D9, DIO) determined the intracellular distribution of total and free acid phosphatase activity and of other enzymes as well. The mean values, expressed as percent of total acid phosphatase activity, were nuclear, 3.6 mitochondrial, 24.1 light mitochondrial, 40.7 microsomal, 20.1 final supernatant, 13.3. 

Of 13 patients with clinical extension of the cancer beyond the prostatic capsule, seven who were receiving antiandrogens and had undergone bilateral orchiectomy showed normal bone marrow and serum acid phosphatase activities. Of the remaining six patients, one had slightly elevated bone marrow acid phosphatase activity and a normal serum acid phosphatase activity. In the other five patients, both the marrow and the serum acid phosphatase values were elevated, but the former were higher. Of 13 patients who had osteoblastic changes in the skeletal system, increased acid phosphatase values were obtained in both bone marrow and serum in 10 cases, but the values in the bone marrow... 

In 1956, Fishman et al. (F2) summed up their experience with a series of 91 cases of proven cancer of the prostate and a total of 1198 patients with other diseases. Of these 91 cases, 32, or 35%, had elevated total serum acid phosphatase activities. This incidence was much lower than that, 85%, reported by Sullivan et al. (S30) in 1942 or the value of 89% reported by Herbert (H5) in 1946 for patients with carcinoma of the prostate and skeletal metastases. These investigators had used the method of Gutman and Gutman (GIO, G14), which was essentially the same method as that employed by Fishman and Lerner (FI) and gave the same ranges of normal values (Table 6). The possibility existed that treated cases had normal total serum phosphatase activities and thus weighted the overall incidence toward a low value. However, the data of Fishman et al. (F2) show that the incidence of total serum acid phosphatase activities in treated cases was 20/52, or 38%, even higher than the incidence 12/39, or 31%, in the untreated cases. 

One female and one male patient had hyperparathyroidism with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities and extensive bone changes characteristic of generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica. In both instances, the serum acid phosphatase activity of the serum fell to normal values after removal of the parathyroid adenoma despite transitorily increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The fifth patient was a female with osteopetrosis involving the major part of the skeleton. The serum acid phosphatase was 8.7 K.A. units, the highest in the control series— yet the serum alkaline phosphatase was within normal limits. It would appear, therefore, that some patients with skeletal disease may have a slight but definitely elevated serum acid phosphatase activity, at least as determined by the Gutman method (GIO, G14), which cannot be explained by concurrent prostatic carcinoma or by a spillover of alkaline phosphatase activity to a pH of 5.0. 

However, Cooley and Cohen (C9) studied nine cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in. which they failed to find any consistent correlation between the plasma acid phosphatase activities and platelet counts. Cohen et al. (C6) had shown that this condition could be classi-fifed into two major types, destructive and nondestructive, comprising 80% and 20%, respectively, of the total. In sequential studies of their various patients, Cooley and Cohen (C9) did not find any increased plasma acid phosphatase activity in those showing the destructive type, although in two cases of nondestructive (hypoplastic) thrombocytopenias, the plasma acid phosphatase activities were usually normal or low. Cooley and Cohen (C9) also found that in a group of eight patients with secondary (nondestructive) thrombocytopenias with nearly normal platelet life-spans (mostly 5-7 days) the plasma acid phosphatase levels tended to be low and to be correlated with the platelet count. 

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