Serum enzyme activity

Dietary equivalent of 36 mg/kg BW daily for 7 weeks Decreased hemoglobin, altered serum enzyme activity 5... 

Nickel sulfide 7 mg/kg BW Disrupted serum enzyme activity 28... 

Decrease in neonatal survival and growth after 62 days. After 2 years, no evidence of carcinogenicity, but adverse effects on adult growth and serum enzyme activity levels (Schwetz etal. 1978)... 

Selenomethionine group had altered immune function, altered serum enzyme activities, and elevated concentrations of selenium in liver (4 times control values) and breast muscle (14 times). Sodium selenite-treated birds had normal immune function and selenium tissue burdens however, serum enzyme activity was disrupted in the 3.5 mg/L group Adults normal. Impaired reproduction (reduced survival of ducklings, increased developmental abnormalities) for selenomethionine occurs between 4 and 8 mg/kg ration selenocysteine did not impair reproduction at 16 mg Se/kg ration... 

Serum enzyme activities lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate ... 

Transaminases are also found in other tissues, from which they leak from the cells into the blood when injury occurs. Measurement of serum enzyme activity (serum enzyme diagnosis see also p. 98) is an important method of recognizing and monitoring the course of such injuries. Transaminase activity in the blood is for instance important for diagnosing liver disease (e.g., hepatitis) and myocardial disease (cardiac infarction). 

The LCso for 4 hours in male rats was 980 mg/m this exposure caused an increase in liver size and corneal opacity that diminished over time in survivors. Exposure of male rats to 8mg/m 6 hours/day for 10 of 12 days produced reversible liver weight changes, reversible increases in serum enzyme activities, and liver necrosis. No ocular changes occurred. No observable effects occurred at Img/mk... 

Serum alkaline phosphatase elevations have been reported following administration of salt-poor albumin (B5). Placenta is very rich in a heat-stable alkaline phosphatase, and albumin prepared from placental blood has a high activity of this enzyme. In one cirrhotic patient who received 1-6 units per day of albumin obtained from pooled human blood and/or human placenta, the alkaline phosphatase before infusion was 5 Bodansky units and by the thirteenth day of administration had reached a value of 160 units. The physician administering the albumin at first thought the patient was having a severe toxic liver reaction and stopped the therapy. The alkaline phosphatase then started to go down and within 10 days returned to normal levels. Analysis of the albumin indicated that it contained 470 units of alkaline phosphatase activity and was probably responsible for the observed elevations in the serum enzyme activity. Albumin prepared from venous blood did not cause an alkaline phosphatase elevation, but placenta-albumin caused elevations with a half-life of about 8 days (Ml). 

Intramuscular injections have been shown to produce elevations in serum enzyme activities presumably due to either inflammatory areas in the muscle or actual breakdown of cells and release of enzyme. In one study, preinjection values of creatine phosphokinase were in the normal range of 24-100 units. Multiple intramuscular injections of penicillin, diuretics, and narcotics every 6 hours caused the creatine phosphokinase values to rise to levels between 160 to 240 units, or up to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal. When the injections were stopped, the creatine phosphokinase values returned to normal within 48 hours (B7). Similar observations of aspartate aminotransferase activities were made in patients receiving intramuscular injections of penicillin every 4 hours. Activities rose to values as high as 200 units. Other workers have reported injection related serum creatine phosphokinase elevations following intramuscular administration of chlorpromazine and suxamethonium (HIO, M11,T6). 

M15. Mossberg, S. M., Bloom, P., Berkowitz, J., and Ross, G., Serum enzyme activities following morphine A study of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels in normal peraons and those with gall bladder disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 109, 429-437 (1962). 

Alteration of serum enzyme activity has been shown to be a sensitive parameter of tissue injury (20). While the activities of such enzymes as pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine phosphokinase in rat serum were significantly altered by the deprivation of dietary vitamin E, the activities of these enzymes were not influenced by smoking exposure under the experimental conditions (Table I). 

Children with profound biotinidase activity have less than 10% of mean normal serum enzyme activity. Deficient biotinidase activity has also been demonstrated in extracts of leukocytes and fibroblasts. At least one patient was shown to have deficient biotinidase activity in his liver. More than 300 symptomatic individuals have been reported with biotinidase deficiency. The parents of these children usually have serum enzyme activities intermediate between those of the patients and those of normal individuals. 

The maintenance within a recognizable range of the serum enzyme activities implies some similarity between their rate of discharge from the tissues into the blood stream and the rapidity of their clearance from it. This clearance can be exceedingly swift, though confronted by skeletal muscle of which 300 mg contains as much aldolase as the entire adult circulation (S22). After the intravenous injection of crystalline aldolase in rats the activity of the serum aldolase rises 7-fold in the first 15 minutes, but 12 hours later has fallen to only 1.5 times the normal value (S24). Further, the intravenous injection in rabbits of pure crystalline aldolase labeled with and the measurement of the rate of disappearance of radioactivity in successive serum specimens indicate... 

Nondystbophic Factors Influencing Muscle Efflux AND Serum Enzyme Activity... 

Serum enzyme activities are normal (A3, A5, C9, G13, D17, E5, G2, H7, Kl, M18, Ol, 02, P4, R14, SI, S13, S14, S16, S17, S22, S26, T8, W12) in patients with neurogenic muscular weakness (Table 1), but are raised, sometimes grossly, in those with primary disease of muscle. Such elevations in a patient with obscure muscle weakness and without other evident disease are very strong indications of the presence of myopathy. 

Mean Values of Serum Enzyme Activities in the Muscular Dystrophies... 

Spedmen stability The stability of a sample is of relevance for the preanalytical phase as well as for phases 2 and 3 (analysis and analytical assessment), which are performed exclusively in the laboratory. (5) As a rule, when stored in a refrigerator (4°C) in closed containers, only a minor loss of serum enzyme activity is to be expected after 3—5 days, which will increase slightly at room temperature (20-25°C). (s. tab. 5.1) The futora/ef necessary for biochemical liver diagnostics generally remain stable for several days under identical conditions (exception ammonia with a maximum of 2 hours), (s. tab. 5.1)... 

Acute hepatic damage has rarely been reported with DAMB. Asymptomatic increases in hepatic serum enzyme activities were seen in one case (94). 

In a few cases, gentamicin nephrotoxicity was associated with a Fanconi syndrome, with raised serum enzymes activities in the urine. Among these, murami-dase seemed to be especially useful in checking for proximal tubular dysfunction (30). 

Serum enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) were raised in 14 of 34 patients anesthetized with ketamine the significance of this is unknown (33). 

The response of the liver to any form of biliary tree obstruction induces the synthesis of ALP by hepatocytes. Some of the newly formed enzyme enters the circulation to increase the enzyme activity in serum. The elevation tends to be more notable (greater than threefold) in extrahepatic obstruction (e.g., by stone or by cancer of the head of the pancreas) than in intrahepatic obstruction and is greater the more complete the obstruction. Serum enzyme activities may reach 10 to 12 times the upper reference limit and usually return to normal on surgical removal of the obstruction. A similar increase is seen in patients with advanced primary liver cancer or widespread secondary hepatic metas-tases. Liver diseases that principally affect parenchymal cells, such as infectious hepatitis, typically show only moderately (less than threefold) increased or even normal serum ALP activities (Table 21-3). Increases may also be seen as a consequence of a reaction to drug therapy. Intestinal ALP... 

Treatment of intrahepatic biliary atresia is symptomatic, with intramuscular replacement of vitamins A, D, and E. Medium chain triglycerides that do not need bile acids for absorption provide calories in patients with partial atresia. Cholestyramine may relieve pruritus. Ursodeoxychofic acid reduces serum enzyme activities and refieves pruritus in some patients. 

Viola A, Sigon M. Pittoni G. et al. 1981. Serum enzyme activities and histological changes after percutaneous application of methylchloroform. Med Lav 72 410-415. 

M16. Meade, B. W., and Rosalki, S. B., The origin of increased maternal serum enzyme activity in pregnancy and labour. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Brit. Commonwealth 70, 862-868 (1963). 

H44. Hosenfeld, D., andSchroter, E., Concerning the question of individual constancy and individual specificity of three serum enzyme activities (serum cholinesterase EC 3.1.1.8, ceruloplasmin EC 1.10.3.2 and alkaline phosphatase EC 3.1.3.1). Humangenetik 9, 38-42 (1970). 

What tissues could have contributed to the high serum enzymes activities ... 

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