Phosphorus, organic in soil

Saunders and Williams [79] have discussed ignition methods for the determination of organic phosphorus in soils. Sodium carbonate fusion has also been used to solubilize phosphate in soil analyses. 

Vaz, M.D. Ron, Edwards, A.C., Shand, C.A. and Cresser, M. (1992) Determination of dissolved organic phosphorus in soil solutions by an improved automated photo-oxidation procedure. Talanta, 39, 1479-1487. 

Anderson G (1980) Assessing organic phosphorus in soils. In The role of phosphorus in agriculture. FE Khasawnech et al. (ed) ASA, Madison, WI. 411-431... 

NMR spectroscopy was first used on soil extracts by Newman and Tate (1980), and since then has advanced our knowledge of organic phosphorus in soils and environmental samples more than any other technique. Phosphorus NMR spectroscopy may be used on solid or extracted samples, with the advantage that all phosphorus species in a sample can be characterized simultaneously without the need for complex cleanup and chromatographic separation procedures. However, the heterogeneous physical and chemical properties of soils, relatively low phosphorus concentrations, and the natural association of phosphorus with paramagnetic ions such as iron and manganese, make P NMR analysis of soil samples more complicated than studies of purified compounds. Phosphorus NMR experiments on environmental samples... 

Magid, j., Tiessen, H. and Condron, L.M. (1996) Dynamics of organic phosphorus in soils under natural and agricultural ecosystems. In Piccolo, A. (ed.) Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 429-466. 

Rubsk, C.H., Cuggenberger, C., Zech, W. and Christensen, B.T. (1999) Organic phosphorus in soil size separates characterized by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and resin extraction. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53, 1 123-1 1 32. 

Rojo, M.J., Carcedo, S.C. and Mateos, M.P. (1990) Distribution and characterisation of phosphatase and organic phosphorus in soil fractions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22, 159-1 74. 

This chapter reviews the abiotic processes that can lead to the stabilization of organic phosphorus in soils and the aquatic environment. In particular, we examine the role of adsorption to soil minerals, complex-ation reactions, precipitation with polyvalent cations and the incorporation of organic phosphorus into humic substances in stabilizing organic phosphorus. We then discuss the effects of soil solution chemistry on these reactions, as well as the effects of these reactions on the environment. 

In aquatic environments, substantial amounts of inositol phosphates have been reported in lake waters (McKelvie et ah, 1995) and estuarine sediments (Suzumura and Kamatani, 1995). Other more labile organic phosphorus compounds, such as phosphate diesters and adenosine triphosphate, which account for only a small proportion of the total organic phosphorus in soils, are particularly important in lake and marine sediments (Carman et ah, 2000), as are labile polyphosphates (Hupfer et ah, 1995). 

Pant et al. (1994) reported that organic phosphorus in soil solution is associated with a... 

Anderson, C. (1 980) Assessing organic phosphorus in soils. In Khasawneh, F.E., Sample, E.C. and Kamprath, E.J. (eds) The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 411 31. 

Hayes, J.E., Richardson, A.E. and Simpson, R.J. (2000a) Components of organic phosphorus in soil extracts that are hydrolysed by phytase and acid phosphatase. Biology and Fertility of Soils 32, 279-285. 

Saunders, W.M.H. and Williams, E.C. (1955) Observations on the determination of total organic phosphorus in soils. Journal of Soil Science 6,... 

Forms of Organic Phosphorus in Soil Solution and Runoff... 

Both filterable and particulate forms of organic phosphorus are transferred from soils, but the lack of suitable techniques for determining specific phosphorus compounds in aqueous samples means that there is little information available on the chemical composition of either fraction. Conceptual understanding of organic phosphorus forms and their behaviour in water is also limited by the operational definitions that arise from conventional analysis procedures (see below). For detailed reviews of speciation techniques for organic phosphorus in soil waters see McKelvie (Chapter 1, this volume) and Cooper et al. (Chapter 3, this volume). 

Peat, D.M.W., McKelvie, I.D., Matthews, C.P., Flay-garth, P.M. and Worsfold, P.J. (1997) Rapid determination of dissolved organic phosphorus in soil leachates and runoff waters by flow injection analysis with on-line photo-oxidation. Talanta 45, 47-55. 

The turnover of organic phosphorus in soil is primarily determined by rates of immobilization and mineralization. Immobilization is the collective term for the bio-... 

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