Alkaline phosphatase, activity

Aplastic anemia and leukemia are not the only health effects ascribed to benzene exposure. A number of recent studies have associated benzene exposure with chromosomal changes (aberrations) (118). Other studies have shown abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism and decrease in leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in apparendy healthy workers exposed to 10—20 ppm benzene (119,120). Increases in leukoagglutinins, as well as increases in blood fibrinolytic activity, have also been reported and are believed to be responsible for the persistent hemorrhages in chronic benzene poisoning (121,122). 

Dose and end point used for MRL derivation 0.18 mg/kg/day for increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. 

Kim, I.Y., Han, S.Y., and Kang, T.S. et al. (2005). Pyrethroid insecticides, fenvalerate and permethrin, inhibit progesterone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity in T47D human breast cancer cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health—Part A—Current Issues 68, 2175-2186. 

Inhibitors should be removed from sample. An example is urinary phosphate, which can be removed by dialysis prior to measuring the urinary alkaline phosphatase activity (18). 

Urinary alkaline phosphatase activity. II. An analytical validation of the assay method. JAMA (1963), 185, 953-957. 

Roos, R. A simplified method for the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Scand. J. Clin. 

YAMAGUCHI M and MA z J (2001) Effect of polyphenols on calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in rat femoral tissues in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 24, 1437-9. 

The subcellular location of PG was studied in cells disrupted by osmotic lysis through formation and disruption of sphaeroplasts from self-induced anaerobically-grown cells. A discontinuous sucrose-density gradient produced four bands labelled I, II, III and IV. Band I included many vesicles and a peak of alkaline phosphatase activity (a vacuolar marker in yeasts), NADPH cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, an endoplasmic reticulum marker, and... 

No adverse effects on histopathology, serum protein, LDH, SGOT (AST), or alkaline phosphatase activities were reported in animals exposed via inhalation to hydrogen sulfide (CUT 1983a, 1983b,... 

Respiratory distress was noted in 2 workers exposed to greater than 40 ppm hydrogen sulfide for under 25 minutes (Spolyar 1951). In animals, impacts on the respiratory system such as increases in the cellularity and lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities of bronchial lavage fluids have been seen at exposures as low as 10 ppm for 4 hours (Lopez et al. 1987) although without a dose-related trend. 

TA Brasitus, R Dahiya, PK Dudeja, BM Bissonnette. Cholesterol modulates alkaline phosphatase activity of rat intestinal microvillus membranes. J Biol Chem 263 8592-8597, 1988. 

The differentiation effect of lycopene was associated with elevated expression of several differentiation-related proteins, such as cell surface antigen (CD14), oxygen burst oxidase and chemotactic peptide receptors (Amir et al., 1999). Recently, it has also been reported that lycopene was also able to stimulate the differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase activity in... 

Kim, L., Rao, A.V., and Rao, L.G. 2003. Lycopene II-effect on osteoblasts The carotenoid lycopene stimulates cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of SaOS-2 cells. J Med Food 6 79-86. 

Rengefors, K., Ruttenberg, K.C., Haupert, L.C., Taylor, C., Howes, B.L. and Anderson, D.M. (2003). Experimental investigation of taxon-specific response of alkaline phosphatase activity in natural freshwater phytoplankton. Limnolology and Oceanography 48 1167-1175. 

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) fed a low-zinc diet (2.2 mg Zn/kg DW diet) for 50 days, when compared to those fed a zinc-adequate diet (33 mg Zn/kg DW diet), excreted less zinc (<4 mg daily vs. 23 to 25), consumed less food (409 g daily vs. 898), and had lower plasma zinc concentrations (0.18 mg/L vs. 0.53 to 0.58) a reduction in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in plasma zinc binding capacity were also noted (Khandaker and Telfer 1990). Sensitive indicators of zinc deficiency in lambs include significant reductions in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma zinc concentrations signs were clearly evident in lambs fed 10.8 mg Zn/kg DW diet for 50 to 180 days (Vergnes et al. 1990). A normal diet for lambs contains 124 to 130 mg Zn/kg DW ration vs. 33 for adults (Vergnes et al. 1990). One recommended treatment for zinc-deficient sheep is ruminal insertion of zinc-containing boluses every 40 days bolus zinc release is about 107 mg daily (Khandaker and Telfer 1990). 

Inhibited calcium accumulations in bone and increased alkaline phosphatase activity of medium (Kaji etal. 1988). 

Ireland, M. 1986. Effects of wound healing on zinc distribution and alkaline phosphatase activity of Helix aspersa (gastropoda pulmonata). Jour. Mollus. Stud. 52 169-173. 

Increased hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity increased liver and adrenal weight Cardioinhibitory effect that was reversed within 10 s after inhalation of acrolein ceased 50% mortality during first 4 weeks with no deaths thereafter. Survivors had depressed growth and respiratory tract histopathology Most died within 5 exposure days... 

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio 1500-6000 After 14 days, gill and liver histopathology and disrupted alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, heart, liver, and kidneys 19... 

No deaths in 72 h marked reduction of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in alveolar epithelium of lung (Boudreau and Nadeau 1987)... 

Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme represented by various isoforms in many tissues such as liver, bone, intestine, placenta, some tumors and in leukocytes. Addition of 1 mM levamisole to the chromogen/substrate will inhibit endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity, with the exception of the intestinal isoform. If necessary, this can be blocked with a weak acid wash, such as 0.03 0.5 N HC1 or 1 M citric acid. 

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