Gutman method

The question may arise as to which is the preferred method. In the author s experience, and this will be documented more completely later, the use of the substrate, sodium (S-glycerophosphate, as in the Bodansky procedure (B18, 32), is more specific for elevations of serum acid phosphatase activity due to prostatic carcinoma. However, the use of other substrates, such as sodium phenyl phosphate in the Gutman method (GIO, G14), may elicit alterations of activity in the serum that reflect diseases in other tissues. 

One female and one male patient had hyperparathyroidism with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities and extensive bone changes characteristic of generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica. In both instances, the serum acid phosphatase activity of the serum fell to normal values after removal of the parathyroid adenoma despite transitorily increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The fifth patient was a female with osteopetrosis involving the major part of the skeleton. The serum acid phosphatase was 8.7 K.A. units, the highest in the control series— yet the serum alkaline phosphatase was within normal limits. It would appear, therefore, that some patients with skeletal disease may have a slight but definitely elevated serum acid phosphatase activity, at least as determined by the Gutman method (GIO, G14), which cannot be explained by concurrent prostatic carcinoma or by a spillover of alkaline phosphatase activity to a pH of 5.0. 

Using the Bodansky (B18, 52) procedure with 8-glycerophosphate as substrate, Woodard (W8) was unable to obtain such elevations. She determined the serum acid phosphatase activities in 83 females and 342 males, or a total of 425 patients with miscellaneous diseases. Of these, 61 had various types of infectious or metabolic disorders, including 11 cases of inflammatory disease of bone and 12 cases of hepatic cirrhosis. The remainder had some type of neoplastic disease and about one-third had metastases to bone from cancer of various primary sites. There were 15 cases of osteogenic sarcoma and 32 cases of osteitis deformans. All these cases, whether their serum alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated or not, had serum acid phosphatase values that were essentially within the normal range, 0.06-0.89 Bodansky unit for females and 0.11-0.88 unit for males. In contrast to the Gutman method (GIO, G14), there-... 

The report of these high incidences of elevations of acid phosphatase activity in miscellaneous disease and in nonprostatic neoplastic disease, determined by a method presumably more specific than the usual Gutman method (GIO, G14), is not in accord with earlier studies, such as those of Sullivan et al. (S30) shown in Table 10. The incidences of elevations were considerably lower than those reported by Reynolds et al. 

Berkowitz J, Ellison G B and Gutman D 1994 Three methods to measure RFI bond energies J. Phys. Chem. 98 2744-65... 

Gutman M 1986 Application of the laser-induced proton pulse for measuring the protonation rate constants of specific sites on proteins and membranes Methods Enzymol. 127 522-38... 

Berkowitz, G. B. Ellison, and D. Gutman, Three Methods to Measure RH Bond Energies, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 2744. 

Except where otherwise indicated, from D. R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 79th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998/1999, and from J. Berkowitz, G. B. Ellison, and D. Gutman, "Three Methods to Measure RH Bond Energies, J. Phys. Chart., 98, 2744—2765 (1994). 

Belkin S, Mehlhorn RJ, Hideg K, Hankovsky O, Packer L (1987) Reduction and destruction rates of nitroxide spin probes. Arch Biochem Biophys 256 232-243 Berdnikov VM, Bazhin NM, Fedorov VK, Polyakov OV (1972) Isomerization of the ethoxyl radical to thea-hydroxyethyl radical in aqueous solution. KinetCatal (English translation) 13 986-987 BerkowitzJ, Ellison GB, Gutman D (1994) Three methods to measure RH bond energies. J Phys Chem 98 2744-2765... 

BerkowitzJ, Ellison GB, Gutman D (1994) Three methods to measure RH bond energies. J Phys Chem 98 2744-2765... 

Note that the order of W is smaller than the order of A, and wy is equal to the number of Kekule structures of the subsystem induced by the edges contained in monotonic paths from the i-th peak p to the -th valley Vj (see Fig. 2). A method for calculating the matrix element wi has been found by I. Gutman, L. X. Su, and S. J. Cyvin [13-15],... 

The problem of finding K Rj(m, n) for some of the lowest (fixed) values of n was first attacked by Gutman [15], who employed a method of linearly coupled recurrence relations. He emphasized the necessity to invoke auxiliary benzenoid classes related to the oblate rectangles. 

Conventional ring-opening polymerization of cyclic anhydrides, carbonates, lactones, and lactides require extremely pure monomers and anhydrous conditions as well as metallic catalysts, which must be completely removed before use, particularly for medical applications. To avoid these difficult restrictions, an enzymatic polymerization may be one of the more feasible methods to obtain the polyesters. This method was first reported by two independent groups (Kobayashi [152] and Gutman [153]) who showed that lipases, enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of fatty acid esters, can polymerize various medium-sized lactones. 

A further method for calculating the sextet polynomial of an unbranched catacondensed benzenoid molecule, not based on the Gutman-tree concept, was reported in [113]. 

Gutman I, Dias JR (1990) In Bodendiek R (ed) Contemporary methods in graph theory, Bl-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim, pp 249-259... 

Harary and Schwenk [64] derived an explicit formula for the number of caterpillars/Gutman trees as a function of h by two methods. One of these methods, the simpler one, is basically analogous with the treatments above (Sects. 5.2 and 5.3). Below we give a derivation which closely follows these treatments. 

The method of Gutman and Gutman (GIO, G14), an application of the King-Armstrong (K5) method for alkaline phosphatase to acid phosphatase, was described earlier in this paper. The activity by this method was defined in units, as the number of milligrams of phenol liberated in 1 hour at 37°C by 100 ml of serum. These have been fre-... 

Values for Serum Acid Phosphatase in Normal Adult Males by the Method op Gutman and Gutman (GIO, G14) or Slight Modifications of It... 

In 1956, Fishman et al. (F2) summed up their experience with a series of 91 cases of proven cancer of the prostate and a total of 1198 patients with other diseases. Of these 91 cases, 32, or 35%, had elevated total serum acid phosphatase activities. This incidence was much lower than that, 85%, reported by Sullivan et al. (S30) in 1942 or the value of 89% reported by Herbert (H5) in 1946 for patients with carcinoma of the prostate and skeletal metastases. These investigators had used the method of Gutman and Gutman (GIO, G14), which was essentially the same method as that employed by Fishman and Lerner (FI) and gave the same ranges of normal values (Table 6). The possibility existed that treated cases had normal total serum phosphatase activities and thus weighted the overall incidence toward a low value. However, the data of Fishman et al. (F2) show that the incidence of total serum acid phosphatase activities in treated cases was 20/52, or 38%, even higher than the incidence 12/39, or 31%, in the untreated cases. 

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