Phenolic adhesives composition

TABLE 7.4 Epoxy -Phenolic Adhesive Compositions of Commercially Available Types5... 

Epoxy-phenolic adhesive compositions of commercially available types Epoxy-nylon adhesive composition... 

Nitrile rubber/phenolic adhesives are also quite useful in adhering rubber to various met-als, " e.g., in the manufacture of rubber covered metal rollers. Huber reported that a nitrile/phenolic adhesive composition provided excellent bonding of rubber to a magnesium roll (Table 20). Other metal bonding applications with nitrile rubber/phenolic adhesives include laminating aluminum foil to paper and then to wood, bonding abrasives to metal, and bonding polyamide to metal. 

Phenolic novolacs, 18 760-761 Phenolic resin adhesives, 18 783-784 Phenolic resin can coatings, 18 38 Phenolic resin composites, 18 792-794 Phenolic resin drying-oil varnishes, 18 783 Phenolic resin fibers, 18 797-798 mechanical properties of, 18 798 Phenolic resin foam, 18 795-796 Phenolic resin manufacturers, U.S., 18 774 Phenolic resin polymerization, 18 760-765 alkaline catalysts in, 18 762-765 neutral catalysts in, 18 761-762 strong-acid catalysts in, 18 760-761 Phenolic resin prepregs, 18 793 Phenolic resin production unit, 18 766 Phenolic resins, 10 409 18 754-755, 756-802 22 10 26 763 in abrasive materials, 18 786-787 in air and oil filters, 18 790 additional reactants in, 18 759 analytical methods for, 18 774-779 applications of, 18 781-798 batch processes for, 18 766 from biomass and biochemical processes, 18 769-770... 

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the utility of organosolv red oak lignin (a projected cheaper polyphenol than phenol) in phenolic adhesives for wood composites. This work involved three stages ... 

Fiberboard -for food packaging [FOOD PACKAGING] (Vol 11) -medium-density [WOOD-BASED COMPOSITES AND LAMINATES] (Supplement) -phenolic adhesive [PHENOLIC RESINS] (Vol 18) -sampling standards for [SAMPLING] (Vol 21) -structural [WOOD-BASED COMPOSITES AND LAMINATES] (Supplement)... 

WOOD-BASED COMPOSITES AND LAMINATES] (Supplement) -phenolic adhesive [PHENOLIC RESINS] (Vol 18)... 

Phenolic/ adhesives adhesives / sealants / gaskets abrasives and break pad binders printed circuit boards structural composites/laminates Metal/glass binders metal oxide binders retroreflective coatings glass optical coatings Hard copy printing inks toners... 

Epoxy-phenolic adhesives were developed primarily for bonding metal joints in high-temperature applications. Their first major application was to join major aircraft components. They are also commonly used for bonding glass, ceramics, and phenolic composites. Because of their relatively good flow properties, epoxy phenolics are also used for bonding honeycomb sandwich composites. 

Structural adhesives that are commonly used for composites are supplied in two basic forms semisolid B-stage film and thixotropic pastes. The film adhesives are cast or extruded onto carrier fabrics or films and partially cured to a semisolid. They can easily be handled, cut, and applied to the joint area. There is no need for mixing, metering, or dispensing of liquid components. In use, these adhesive systems are activated by heat and pressure. The semisolid B-stage film liquefies briefly on application of heat and then cures to an insoluble state. Epoxy, polyimides, epoxy-nylons, epoxy-phenolic, and nitrile-phenolic adhesives are available as B-stage film. 

This chapter reports work on two aspects of this adhesive system 1) tests on the strength of panels bonded with phenol/carbohydrate/urea/formaldehyde (P/C/U/F) adhesive compositions outside the ranges previously reported (9,10) and 2) analysis of chemical reactions in this resin system. 

The loose term renewable resources adhesives has been used to identify polymerie eom-pounds of natural, vegetable origin that have been modified and/or adapted to the same use as some classes of purely synthetic adhesives [1]. At present two classes of these adhesives exist one already extensively commercialized in the southern hemisphere and the other on the slow way to commercialization. These two types of resins are tannin-based adhesives [2] and lignin adhesives [3 ]. Both types are aimed primarily at substituting synthetic phenolic resins. In some aspects, such as performance, they closely mimic, or are even superior to, synthetic phenolic adhesives, while in others they behave in a vastly different manner from their synthetic counterparts. In this chapter we focus primarily on tannin-based adhesives because they have already been in extensive industrial use in the southern hemisphere, in certain fields of application, for the past 20 years. These adhesives are of some interest not only for their excellent performance in some applications but also for their mostly environmentally friendly composition. Lignin adhesives are treated briefly here and in detail in Chap. 28. 

Figure 5.59 Schematic of an RP composite S-2 glass fiber/burn resistant phenolic adhesive prepreg and aluminum metal lay-up (adhesive by Cytee, formerly American Cyanamid, Havre de Grace, MD) includes use on the Airbus A380 fuselage providing directional properties...

Armstrong Cork Company, Improvements in or Relating to Adhesive Compositions, Br. Pat. 784,565 (1957). NBR-sulfur/phenol-aldehyde-epoxy SINs. High peel strength adhesives. 

Performance and durability of wood products bonded with isocyanate and urethane adhesives have been the subject of several investigations. The strength of composition board is generally determined by its modulus of rupture (MOR), which is a flexure to break test its modulus of elasticity (MOE), or stiffness and its internal bond strength (IB), or tensile strength. These tests are run on dry and on water-soaked or wet samples, and are described in ASTM test method D 1037. As compared to phenol-formaldehyde adhesives, composition boards prepared with isocyanate or urethane adhesives are reported to display similar or superior initial strengths. Moisture resistance of isocyanate-bound par-... 

The thermosetting amino and phenolic adhesives are by far the predominant adhesives used in making wood composites. These adhesives are described below, but more detailed information is available elsewhere (4,7,16-21) (see Adhesive Compounds). 

Yang P and Gu Y (2012), Synthesis of a novel benzoxazine-containing benzoxazole structure and its high performance thermoset , J Appl Polym Sci, 124, 2415-2422. Yoonessi M, Toghiani H, Wheeler R, Porcar L, Kline S and Pittman Jr C U (2008), Neutron scattering, electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical studies of carbon nanofiber/phenolic resin composites . Carbon, 46, 577-588, and references therein. Yosomiya R (1990), Adhesion and Bonding in Composites, New York, Marcel Dekker, l-A. 

Phenol-formaldehyde polymers, including novolaks and resoles, have a number of applications in coatings, finishes, adhesives, composites, laminates and related areas. Concerns have been raised regarding the continued use of phenol-formaldehyde resins due to the various toxic effects of formaldehyde. Consequently, there has been active investigation for alternative sources of these types of oligomers and polymers with a consideration for environmental compatibility. 

Toxicity, flammability, and materials shortages associated with organic solvents have resulted in the development of several new water-borne adhesive systems. Many of the previously effective adhesive formulations are not readily converted to water-borne analogs. Many of the previously understood solution property-performance correlations remain valid in water-borne systems some do not. In this work an effort has been made to improve our understanding of the adhesive mechanisms and property-performance correlations in solvent and water-borne contact adhesives. These adhesive systems include phenolic/neoprene and phenolic/acrylic compositions. Some of the physical properties of the individual components and of the phenolic/elastomer blends have been related to contact adhesive performance. 

In this paper we discuss how some of the physical properties of adhesive compositions affect their performance in the areas of contact tack, specific adhesion, and elevated temperature strengths. We concentrate on water-borne acrylic/phenolic systems, but, also draw upon our experience in solvent and water-borne neoprene/phenolic systems. 

These results do indicate then that effective adhesion compositions exhibit some component compatibilities in dry form and they suggest that the phenolic resin and matrix polymer do function in concert to product contact properties. 

The phenolic family of adhesives are very diverse in their formulations and uses. Some are filled or modified with other polymers (vinyl, nitrile or epoxy). The composition depends largely on the intended use, e.g. for temperature and chemical resistance, or for water-proof wood bonding (phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde). The majority are heat-curing although some wood-bonding adhesives can be cured at room temperature (RT). The comparison table includes Typical Use to differentiate between the types of adhesives. Phenolic adhesives are generally poorly represented by mechanical property data. 

Adhesives are also used in the manufacturing of prefabricated sections or assemblies. Examples include complete wall sections with the sheathing bonded to wood frames roof sections with sheathing bonded to j oists and rafters to provide T-beam action and box beams and other types of composite beams for joists or rafters. ] Phenolic adhesives are used in the fabrication of laminated beams and trusses. Epoxies are also widely used for bonding and the repair of concrete. ]... 

Various literature references discuss the use of nitrile rubber/phenolic adhesives for the bonding of metals.Tanaka discussed a two part liquid adhesive system based on solutions of nitrile rubber dissolved in methyl methacrylate. Aluminum plates were bonded together with the resulting adhesive. Kubo reported that the adhesive composition of Table 19 was good for bonding steel plates. 

Applications have been reported for the use of nitrile rubber/phenolic adhesives in the bonding of wood and polyurethane foam to various substrates. Mitsubishi Electric Corp. patented a two-part adhesive composition for Nomex paper (Table 25). 

Sealant Applications. The repair of engine bodies has been reported using a nitrile rubber/ phenolic composition as a sealant. The wing fuel tanks of Cl30 aircraft have also used nitrile rubber/phenolic materials to seal the tanks.Finally, electrolyte leakage in a sheet battery has been prevented using nitrile rubber/ phenolic adhesives. 

Tackifiers. Although SBRs can be produced with tack, the physical properties of such polymers usually do not fully satisfy the application requirements. For this reason tackifying resins are normally incorporated into adhesives based on SBRs. These resins improve the kinetics of wetting and increase the overall Tg of the adhesive composition. Typical tackifiers for SBR are rosin-based materials, aromatic-containing petroleum hydrocarbon resins, alpha-pinene, coumarone-indene, and some phenolic resins. 

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