Water soak

Testing of Painted Products. The enhancement of paint adhesion is one of the principal functions of conversion coating (20—22). A group of tests based on product deformation is used to test the painted product. The appHance and cod-coating industries use the mandrel bend, the cross-hatch adhesion test, and the direct and reverse impact tests. Adhesion after a water soak is judged using a cross-hatch test performed on the exposed surface. 

In a 24-h water soaking test, compreg has an ASE value of 95%. The rate of water pickup is so slow that complete swelling equiHbrium of a 1.27-cm specimen is not achieved in a year at room temperature. Compreg is brown and acquires a high poHsh on buffing. It is made commercially in small quantities and is used for knife handles, gears, and certain musical instmments and decorative objects. 

Dry test 24-h cold-water soak 6-h boil test ... 

Weichselkirsche,/. mahaleb morello. Weich-stahl, m. milk steel, soft steel, -stelle, /. soft place, soft spot, -stock, m. steeping tub (Brewing) steep tank, cistern, -teil, m. soft part, -tier, n. moUusk. -wasser, n. steeping water, steep water, soak Hquor. -werden, n. softening. 

When corrosion develops on painted steel the question is often raised as to whether corrosion was a result of paint failure or the paint failure was caused by corrosion. Several studies have shown that adhesion forces are reduced greatly after water soaking or even at very high humidity -and it has been argued that film detachment by water usually precedes underfilm corrosion . Against this view others have claimed that those paints known to have reduced wet adhesion, e.g. those based on alkyd resins, are not uniquely, or even especially, subject to underfilm corrosion Several factors should be considered in this discussion ... 

Oily surfaces can be deoiled by using a high HLB value emulsifier such as dioctylsulfosuccinate, together with antifoam, applied either as a hot-water soak or pressure washed. 

All application verification and soil samples must be individually labeled with unique sample identification (ID) and other identifying information such as study ID, test substance name, sample depth, replicate, subplot and date of collection, as appropriate. Proper study documentation requires that sample lists and labels be created prior to work commencing in the field. Water- and tear-resistant labels should be used since standard paper labels may become water-soaked and easily torn during sample handling. Sample lists should have the same information on them as the labels and are a convenient place to record plot randomization, initials of the individual who collected the sample, and date of collection. As such, the sample list is important in establishing chain of custody from the point of sample collection until its arrival at the laboratory. 

Application of heat or cold treatments to involved joints improves range of motion, reduces pain, and decreases muscle spasms. Practical applications of heat therapy include warm baths or warm water soaks. Heating pads should be used with caution, especially in the elderly, and patients must be warned of the potential for burns if used inappropriately. 

INTERLINERS. These are intended to protect the filling against specified flammable cover fabrics. Interliners are tested with ignition source 5 over a standard PU foam to BS5852 Part 2. FR treated interliners shall be subjected to the specified water soak before testing Table VI. 

In the early stages, the tissue around the vascular bundles appears semitranslucent, glassy, and water-soaked. As the infection progresses, the vascular ring becomes discolored and the tissue around it degrades and develops a colorless rot with a paste-like consistency. 

Signs Plants infected with citrus canker have characteristic lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit with raised, brown water-soaked margins usually with a yellow hallow effect around the lesion. Incubation is typically 14-60 days. Older lesions may fall out, creating a shot-hole effect. Fruit production declines and then stops. The disease ultimately kills the tree. 

Dehulled full-fat soybean grits -Tap water Soaked 30 min. at 25 C... 

Root rots occur widely, but no chemical control program is in practice. Water soaking and drying out of seed pieces are serious problems at times. 

The use of a water-soaking, oven-drying series of cycles for the determination of dimensional stability of wood is a severe test (although it may produce useful data) and it does not necessarily reflect the conditions that wood will encounter in service conditions. As a result, some workers determine dimensional stability by subjecting samples to different relative humidities. It can be readily understood that dimensional stability values determined using different methods will not be comparable and it therefore needs to be explicitly stated how these values were obtained. 

The first literature report of a reaction of an isocyanate with wood is that due to Clermont and Bender (1957). In this study, DMF impregnated wood samples 1/8 in thick were suspended above phenylisocyanate liquid in a vessel heated at temperatures from 100 °C to 125 °C for various time intervals. Treated samples were washed with DMF, then water, then acetone, and dried in an oven at 105 °C. ASEs in the range of 60-80 % were reported for these samples. In view of the reactivity of DMF with isocyanates, the lack of an efficient clean-up procedure and the fact that ASE values were calculated from the first water-soak cycle only, this study is of limited value. 

Militz (1993) treated European beech with DMDHEU and evaluated the effectiveness of a variety of commercial catalysts. It was found that temperatures of 100 °C were necessary for effective curing of the resin. The ASE was calculated from the dimensions at 100 % RH in comparison to the sample dimensions at 30 % RH, rather than in a water-soak test, so that any possible effect of leaching was not determined. The highest ASE measured in this way was 75 %. The EMC of the treated samples was also determined and found to be higher than unmodified samples in all cases. 

Sebe etal. (2004) reacted wood with IPTES, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Figure 7.9k) or PTMS. Slight swelling of the wood samples was noted after modification, with moderate improvements in ASE (no greater than 25 %). Some loss of material was found during a series of water-soak tests. The authors concluded that there had been... 

Ohmae, K., Minato, K. and Norimoto, M. (2002). The analysis of dimensional changes due to chemical heatments and water soaking for hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) wood. Holzforschung, 56(1), 98-102. 

Rowell, R.M. and Ellis, W.D. (1978). Determination of the dimensional stabilization of wood using the water-soak method. Wood and Fiber, 10(4), 104—111. 

---