Pancreatic islet-cell tumor

Uses Pancreatic islet cell tumors carcinoid tumors Action DNA-DNA (int -strand) cross-linking DNA, RNA, protein synth inhibitor Dose Per protocol -1- in renal failure Caution w/ renal failure [D, /-] Contra w/ rotavirus vaccine, PRG Disp Inj SE N/V/D, duodenal ulcers, depression, X BM rare nephrotox (proteinuria azotemia dose related), hypophosphatemia dose limiting hypo-/hypCTglycemia inj site Rxns Interactions t Risk of nephrotox W/... 

DR has been shown to delay onset of a number of other spontaneous tumors in rodents. This includes hepatoms, breast tumors, pancreatic islet cell tumors, renal tumors, mammary gland cancers, pituitary tumors, and pheochromocytomas. Decrease in spontaneous appearance of preneoplastic foci in the liver was observed in the SPF Wistar rats. Similarly, marked reduction in spontaneous hepatoma was observed in B6C3F1 mice diet restricted for 12 months. In rodents, DR has been shown to decrease colon cancer incidence. Recently it has been shown that DR prevents spontaneous sarcomas and lymphomas in p53 mice, which are genetically susceptible to a number of neoplasms. The decrease in tumor incidence is linked to the increase in life expectancy of DR animals, especially rodents, where the incidence of spontaneous tumors is the leading cause of death in rodents. 

The nitrosoureas include streptozotocin, an agent useful in treating pancreatic (islet cell) tumors, and the carmustine, lomustine and semustine group, useful in treating brain and gastrointestinal tumors. Streptozotocin induces a reversible, mild nephropathy characterized by proteinuria in 50-70% of patients... 

Glark ES, Garney JA. Pancreatic islet cell tumor associated with Gushing s syndrome. Am Surg Pathol. 1984 8 917-924. 

Kazumi T, Yoshino G, Baba S (1980) Pancreatic islet cell tumors found in rats given alloxan and nicotinamide. Endocrinol Jpn 27 387-393... 

Horton KM, Hruban RH, Yeo C et al (2006) Multi-detector row CT of pancreatic islet cell tumors. RadioGraphics 26 453-464... 

FIGURE 4.5 Representative spectrum examples of SELDI analysis of pancreatic juice samples bound to IMAC-3 cupper ProteinChip array. A peak of 16,570 Da (arrow) was present in the four pancreatic juice samples from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC4, PCS, PC 18, PC24) but absent in the four patients with other pancreatic diseases (IPMN islet cell tumor (ICT) serous cystadenoma (SC)). (Reprinted from Rosty et al. [26], used with permission from the American Association of Cancer Research.)... 

G24. Greider, M. H., Rosai, J., and McGuigan, J. E., The human pancreatic islet cells and their tumors. II. Ulcerogenic and diarrheogenic tumors. Cancer 33, 1423-1443... 

Portela-Gomes GM, Hacker GW, Weitgasser R. NE cell markers for pancreatic islets and tumors. Appl Immunohistochem MolMorphol. 2004 12 183-192. 

In various pathophysiological conditions iNOS not only is expressed in macrophages, but can also be induced in various other cells, including fibroblasts, Kupffer s cells, hepatocytes, neutrophils, mesangial cells, chondrocytes, pancreatic islet cells, microglia, epithelial and endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes, megakaryocytes, and various tumor cells (e.g., adenocarcinoma cells) (see Moncada et al., 1991 Nathan, 1992 ... 

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is an autosomal dominant condition secondary to an alteration in a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3. It has incomplete penetrance and is characterized by hemangioblastomas in the retina, CNS, renal cell carcinoma, endolymphatic sac tumors, pheochro-mocytomas, papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis, angiomas of the liver and kidney, cysts of the liver, kidney and epididymis, and pulmonary arteriovenous shunts (Fig. 4.18a-c). In the pancreas, VHL may have multiple presentations, the most common being the presence of multiple small pancreatic cysts with calcifications in 40% of cases. Serous cystad-enomas, solid nonfunctional islet cell tumors, and adenocarcinoma are less common (Richard et al. 2004). 

In the pediatric population, pancreatic tumors are very unusual entities. They account for less than 5% of all malignancies in children. These tumors may arise from the exocrine or endocrine pancreas. Exocrine neoplasias include ductal adenocarcinoma, acinar adenocarcinoma, pancreaticoblastoma, or infantile adenocarcinoma. Endocrine tumors or islet cell tumors are named after the hormone produced, with insulinoma being the most common in children (Walker 1996). 

Hyper-vascular tumors such as islet cell tumors and certain hyper-vascular (renal cell carcinoma) metastases will often appear hyper-attenuating on the pancreatic phase which allows for better characterization of these tumors (Fig. 3.11). 

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the pancreas are quite rare, accounting for not more than 1-5% of all pancreatic tumors (Noone et al. 2005). They arise Ifom the endocrine pancreas. Frequently they have been referred to as "islet cell tumors, although this is a misnomer. Recently they were classified according the WHO proposal, which includes histopathologic and functional parameters (Rha et al. 2007). This new classification comprises a spectrum of weU-differentiated endocrine tumors (with benign or uncertain biological behavior). 

ScHOENTAL, R. Pancreatic Islet-Cell and other Tumors in Rats Given Heliotrine, a Monoester Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid, and Nicotinamide. Cancer Res. 35, 2020 (1975) — Biochemical Basis of Liver Necrosis Caused by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and other Hepatotoxins. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 3, 292 (1975). 

Stimulates granulocyte and macrophage production after chemotherapy Islet cell pancreatic carcinoma, malignant carcinoid tumor Breast cancer... 

Pancreatic effect. Cigarette smoke, administered to anesthetized rats alone or in combination with iv ethanol infusion, reduced pancreatic blood flow temporarily and increased leukocyte-endothelium interaction (roller p < 0.001, sticker p < 0.01 vs baseline). Cigarette smoke potentiated the impairment of pancreatic capillary perfusion caused by ethanol, and both the number of rolling leukocytes and myeloperoxidase activity levels were increased compared with ethanol or nicotine administration alone h Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, administered to rats, induced pancreatic acinar cell and ductal cell neoplasms. One of the tumors had a mixed ductal-squamous-islet cell components . 

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