Ductal adenocarcinoma

Most breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas and are classified as ductal or lobular. 

In a transgenic mouse model of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the development of ductal carcinoma is preceded by trans-differentiation of acinar cells to ductal-like cells.The anti-apoptotic protein Bc1-Xl is highly expressed... 

Nitecki SS, et al. Long-term survival after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Is it really improving Ann Surg 1995 221(l) 59-66. 

Sitek B, Luttges J, Marcus K, et al. (2005) Application of fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis saturation labelling for the analysis of microdissected precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Proteomics 5, 2665-79. 

EGFR mutations have subsequently been identified in some pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA), which may explain the partial elficacy of erlotinib in the treatment of this highly malignant disease (50). Erlotinib in combination with the DNA synthesis inhibitor gemcitabine has now received FDA approval for the treatment of PDA, with a median survival benefit of approximately 2 weeks. 

Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Ashfaq R, Maitra A, et al. Highly expressed genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas A comprehensive characterization and comparison of the transcription profiles obtained from three major technologies. Cancer Res 2003 63 8614-8622. 

Rosty C, Christa L, Kuzdzal S, Baldwin WM, Zahurak ML, Carnot F, Chan DW, Canto M, Lillemoe KD, Cameron JL, Yeo CJ, Hruban RH, Goggins M. Identification of hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein I as a biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by protein biochip technology. Cancer Res 2002 62 1868-1875. 

Shekouh AR, Thompson CC, Prime W, Campbell F, Hamlett J, Herrington CS, et al. Application of laser capture microdissection combined with two-dimensional electrophoresis for the discovery of differentially regulated proteins in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Proteomics 2003 3(10) 1988—2001. 

Figure 3.8 Histological images of different PanIN grades stained with H E. It is believed that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) are the precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PanINs are histologically subdivided into four different grades, namely PanIN-lA/B,...

K-RAS Lung adenocarcinoma Colon carcinoma Ovarian carcinoma Gastric carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Acute myelogenous leukemia Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma... 

Rosty, C. Christa, L. Kuzdzal, S. Baldwin, W.M. Zahurak, M.L. Carnot, R Chan, D.W. Canto, M. Lillemoe, K.D. Cameron, J.L. Yeo, C.J. Hruban, R.H. Goggins, M. Identification of Hepatocarcinoma-Intestine-Pancreas/Pancreatitis-Associated Protein I as a Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Protein Biochip Technology, Cancer Res 62(6), 1868-1875 (2002). 

Primary adenocarcinomas of the lung are typically CK7-F, CK20-, and CEA-f, whereas colorectal carcinomas are CK7-, CK20-F, and CEA-i- ductal and lobular breast carcinomas are CK7-f, CK20-, and often CEA-I- and ovarian carcinomas are CK7-I-, CK20 , and CEA-.121,125-129,224-227 Neoplasms that typically are strongly positive for most CEA antibodies include adenocarcinomas of the lung, colon, stomach, biliary tree, pancreas, urinary bladder, endocervix, paranasal... 

Millar EK, Sharma NK, Lessells AM. Ductal (endometrioid) adenocarcinoma of the prostate a clinicopathological study of 16 cases. Histopathology. 1996 29 11-19. 

Mesothelin is a 40-kD glycoprotein of unknown function that is strongly expressed in mesothelial cells, ovarian serous cells, and pancreatic-bile duct cells. Using monoclonal antibody 5B2, Ordonez found it to immu-nostain normal mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, non-mucinous ovarian carcinomas, and occasionally other neoplasms. Ordonez concluded that mesothelin staining could be used to diagnose mesotheliomas, although it was expressed in 14 of 14 ovarian carcinomas, 12 of 14 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 7 of 12 desmoplastic small round cell tumors, and 9 of 9 synovial sarcomas. Therefore, this antibody should be interpreted carefully. 

CYTOKERATIN 7 Keratin 7 is an intermediate filament expressed predominantly by ductal epithelial cells of the pancreaticobiliary tract, renal collecting ducts, and proximal gastrointestinal tract. Expression of CK7 keratin is limited to subtypes of adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas arising within noncornified mucosa. 

Like MUCl, MUC4 is a membrane-associated mucin however, it is not expressed in normal pancreatic tissue. It is less well studied, but preliminary evidence suggests that, like MUCl, MUC4 may be a marker of ductal adenocarcinoma and a sign of aggressiveness. ... 

Immunohistogram of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Selected Antibodies... 

FIGURE 15.3 CK7 is expressed diffusely and strongly in the vast majority of ductal adenocarcinoma cases (A) however, CK20 expression is less common and is usually focal (B). 

Ductal adenocarcinomas express several mucin-related glycoproteins includingMUCl (Fig. 15.5), which is reported to be associated with a poorer prognosis, ... 

FIGURE 15.6 Carcinoembryonic antigen labeling in ductal adenocarcinoma, with areas of well-defined tubule formation showing more luminal surface labeling. Non-neoplastic glands are often negative or only focally positive for this marker. However, it should be kept in mind that overlaps occur. 

Ductal adenocarcinomas (DAs) are consistently positive for CK7 diffusely and strongly, whereas CK20 is often either very focal or absent. 

Loss of DPC4 staining in the pancreatic ductal epithelium is suggestive of carcinoma provided that this loss is confirmed by the presence of in-built controls. DPC4 may also prove to be a helpful marker for differentiating pancreatic adenocarcinoma from other carcinomas in small fine-needle aspirate samples and in metastatic sites. 

Benign, noninvasive ducts versus ductal adenocarcinoma... 

EHBT carcinomas are similar, both morphologically and immunophenotypically, to other foregut carcinomas, namely pancreatic and gastro-esophageal cancers. Their similarity to pancreatic ductal carcinoma is such that they are often classified together as pancreatobiliary-type adenocarcinoma. Mucin, in particular sialomucin, nonsulfated, or neutral types, is demonstrable by histochemical or immunohistochemical stains in almost all cases and may be abundant. ... 

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