Endocrine tumor

Bergmann F, Breinig M, Hopfner M, et al. Expression pattern and functional relevance of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 novel chemotherapeutic targets in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2009 104 171-181. 

Its major indication is the treatment of hypoglycemia in diabetics when oral glucose administration is not possible. It should be noted however that it is only effective for that indication if sufficient glycogen stores are present. Glucagon is also used for the diagnosis of endocrine tumors and to... 

Lifelong toxicological studies of high-dose omeprazole in rats revealed the development of endocrine tumors (carcinoids) in the stomach, and this led to the halt-... 

T ii177 71lu P,y 6.7 d 7-emitter (imaging) and //-emitter (endocrine tumors)... 

Suttherland RM, Siemann DW, Conroy PJ (1984) Adrenal Endocrine Tumors Child 19-44... 

Nicotinate (also called niacin or vitamin Bg) is derived from tryptophan. Human beings can synthesize the required amount of nicotinate if the supply of tryptophan in the diet is adequate. However, nicotinate must be obtained directly if the dietary intake of tryptophan is low. A dietary deficiency of tryptophan and nicotinate can lead to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. An endocrine tumor that consumes large amounts of tryptophan in synthesizing the hormone and neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) can lead to pellagralike symptoms. 

Antibodies to these PEMs are directed to the apical membrane portions of secretory mammary cells surrounding milk fat globules (mol wt >250 kDa). They react with a variety of epithelial tumors, including mesotheliomas. Like keratin, these antibodies are also expressed on synovial sarcomas, epithelioid sarcomas, and chordomas. They are not as reactive with as wide a variety of tumors as antikeratins. For instance, they do not react with many endocrine tumors. However, they may recognize some renal-cell carcinomas and small-cell anaplastic carcinomas... 

Schally, A.V. Radulovic, S. Comaru-Schally, A.M. hi Endocrine tumors, by Mazzaferri E. and Samman N.A., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston, 1993,49-73. 

Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme also known as phosphopyru-vate hydratase. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is the form of enolase found in neuronal tissue and in the cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and the amine precursor uptake, and decarboxylation (APUD) tissue. NSE is found in tumors associated with the neuroendocrine origin, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, melanoma, and pancreatic endocrine tumors. 

Jensen R. Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In Jameson J, ed. Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine, Vol. 15th ed. New York McGraw-HiU, 2001 593-603. 

Cremonini N, Fumo A, Sforza A, et al. Ill In-octreotide scintigraphy in endocrine tumors. PreUnunary data. Q J Nucl Med 1995 39(4 Suppl 1) 116-120. 

An important approach to the diagnosis and classification of endocrine tumors relies on the demonstration of their hormonal content. 2 This can be accomplished by... 

NE secretory protein-55 (NESP-55) is a 241 amino acid polypeptide that is a member of the chromogranin family. It is expressed exclusively in endocrine and neuronal tissue but has a less wide distribution than chromogranin A in human tissues. The reactivity of NESP-55 appears to be restricted to endocrine tumors of the pancreas and adrenal medulla, and several studies have indicated that it may be useful in the identihcation of sites of origin of metastatic endocrine tumors. 

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