Nicotine administration

Yu Z. J., Wecker L. (1994). Chronic nicotine administration differentially affects neurotransmitter release from rat striatal slices. J. Neurochem. 63,... 

King, S.L., Caldarone, B.J., Picciotto, M.R. Beta2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are critical for dopamine-dependent locomotor activation following repeated nicotine administration. Neuropharmacology. 47(Suppl. 1) 132, 2004. 

Sparks, J.A., Pauly, J.R. Effects of continuous oral nicotine administration on brain nicotinic receptors and responsiveness to nicotine in C57B1/6 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 141 145, 1999. 

Fedele, E., Varnier, G., Ansaldo, M.A., Raiteri, M. Nicotine administration stimulates the in vivo N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in rat hippocampus through glutamate release. Br. J. Pharmacol. 125 1042, 1998. 

Pontieri FE, Passareiii F, Caio L, Caronti B. (1998). Functional correlates of nicotine administration simiiarity with drugs of abuse. J Mol Med. 76(3-4) 193-201. 

Faraday MM, Rahman MA, Scheufele PM, Grunberg NE. (1998). Nicotine administration impairs sensory gating in Long-Evans rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 61(3) 281-89. 

Snyder FR, Henningfield JE. (1989). Effects of nicotine administration following 12 h of tobacco deprivation assessment on computerized performance tasks. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 97(1) 17-22. 

Iwamoto FT. (1989). Antinociception after nicotine administration into the mesopontine tegmentum of rats Evidence for muscarinic actions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 251 412-21. 

Table 1 Nicotine absorption pharmacokinetics of different forms of nicotine administration in single doses (modified from Hukkanen et al. 2005c)...

Schneider NG, Olmstead RE, Franzon MA, Lunell E (2001) The nicotine inhaler clinical pharmacokinetics and comparison with other nicotine treatments, Chn Pharmacokinet 40(9) 661-684 Schoedel KA, Sellers EM, Palmour R, Tyndale RF (2003) Down-regulation of hepatic nicotine metabolism and a CYP2A6-like enzyme in African green monkeys after long-term nicotine administration. Mol Pharmacol 63(1) 96-104... 

Authors Nonsmokers (n) Nicotine administration Cognitive test Results... 

Brain Function Responses to Acute Nicotine Administration and Cigarette Smoking. 147... 

Brain Function Responses to Chronic Nicotine Administration... 

There is evidence that nicotine administration improves performance on tasks that require vigilant attention in nicotine-dependent smokers (Newhouse et al. 2004). Nicotine administration also has been reported to improve reaction time, regardless of smoking status (Ernst et al. 2001a). Consistent with these findings are studies that demonstrate that acute abstinence from smoking (within 12 h) results in slowed response times (Bell et al. 1999 Gross et al. 1993 Thompson et al. 2002). 

Postmortem (Benwell et al. 1988 Breese et al. 1997) and laboratory (Yates et al. 1995) studies demonstrate that smokers have widespread upregulation of nAChRs, likely related to desensitization of these receptors from nicotine exposure. Many animal studies also demonstrate upregulation of nAChRs in response to chronic nicotine administration (e.g., Pauly et al. 1996 Shoaib et al. 1997 Zhang et al. 2002). Thus, nAChRs are a natural target for tracer development in the pursuit of a greater understanding of tobacco dependence and other illnesses with abnormal nAChR levels. 

Jacobs 1, Anderson DJ, Surowy CS, Puttfarcken PS (2002) differential regulation of nicotinic receptor-mediated neurotransmitter release following chronic (-)-nicotine administration. Neuropharmacology 43 847-856... 

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